TheParableoftheSadhu- assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TheParableoftheSadhu- assignment - Coursework ExampleBut this is fair(a) one side of the interpretation, for the various other key factors also have to be considered. (1) All the members of the sort out were fully exhausted and still had to cover a fair amount of distance, at such a high altitude. Had they decided in favor of taking the sadhu along with them, their progress on that unreliable snowy path would have been hindered. Their very lives would have then been endangered. Perhaps, the most vital factor, based on which, the groups decision cannot be totally termed as being an un good one is due to a key fact. Both McCoy and Stephen were vulnerable to altitude sickness, and in fact, the former already started to feel nigh of the symptoms, by the time the sadhu came into the picture. Overall, it (the decision) can be rated to be an intense dilemma related to ethical choice. (1) Owing to the decision of deserting the sadhu, the group went on to promptly finish their trek with minimal hassles. But that is beneficial one side of the coin, and there indeed was something that can be described as a var. of loss, for the group. All of them would have surely been bogged down by guilty feeling. As a matter of fact, McCoy himself admitted that the advent adopted towards the sadhu went on to prick his conscience, for a very long time.

Al-jazeera channel in the Arab World Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Al-jazeera channel in the Arab World - Essay ExampleThe change process inside the Arab media scenario mainly began with the launch of Aljazeera that Aljazeera was launched by the government of Qatar in 1996. Aljazeera gave new dimensions to the Arab news sphere and for the first metre the world community witnessed the broadcasting of free expression of thoughts and media courage through any Arab country channel. after(prenominal) the launch of many satellite impart the competition was already became very tough for the government controlled Arab channels after which the Arab countries had to bring some level of liberalization and freedom to their media policies to enable their channel compete the mark satellite channels (Nawawy and Iskandar 14).Aljazeera attained the at tennertion of the throng in very short time duet working with the lotto of the opinion and the other opinion. Initially it was a six hour casual news program that was soon expanded to 24 hour news coverage and pr ograms and several separate channels were also initiated by the network like Al Jazeera Live, Al Jazeera Sports etc. (Zayani 98) According to the estimated, ten million people view Aljazeera daily (Lynch 5). Despite the popularity of al Jazeera it has been condemn and criticized on the charges of giving articulatio to the dangerous and inflammatory views. It openly broadcasted the messages of many leaders of militant groups in different countries that mostly verbalised their messages against the western powers (Nawawy and Iskandar 14).Aljazeera proved to be the first example of freedom of press granted to media in the Arab world. though currently Aljazeera has somewhat lost his grounds in appealing the viewers but till come through few years it was the main symbol of freedom of media in the Arab world and one could not cut down the strong influence on Aljazeera upon the Arab media scene. Many of the news programs and talks shows broadcasted at the Aljazeera remained the centre o f attention of the people for several years as people widely viewed this

International NGO's and Measurement of Impacts Research Paper

International NGOs and Measurement of Impacts - Research Paper ExampleMany of international NGOs argon charitable and development oriented. Therefore, NGO is distinct entities with many special requirements and needs that differentiate them from profit-making systems. Most of the encourage of NGOs comes from individuals willing to commit their energy and time to make difference in communities (Lewis, 2006). This implies that Non- Governmental Organizations argon manifold in their nature.Many of major international Non-governmental organizations work within main international organizations in geneva. Geneva serves as headquarters of major international Non-governmental Organizations. Many international organizations work across fields much(prenominal) as trade and development, environment, education, health, and human rights. Management of international organizations is independent of any form of government (Lewis, 2010). NGOs are not part of the government and therefore not conve ntional to for profit making. The mandate of a non-governmental organization is to drive development that transforms societies and nations all over the world.Non-governmental Organization requires sound management in order to lead its activities in the most efficient way. Non-governmental Organizations are privately set up with sufficient autonomous in their activities. To get its activities done, international NGOs have sound management through the creation of Boards. The board of international Non-governmental Organizations comprises of leading who have similar interests in terms of developments. To increase effectiveness and productivity, Non-governmental Organizations strives to bring together leaders and organizations to the board. The spark advance aim of these organizations is to build capacity through training and develop governance and management tools.

Natural gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Natural gas - Essay Example) create a World Energy Outlook report in the year 2011 in which, the production of inseparable gas was estimated to increase by 50 per cent over the next two and a half decades. The report said, Natural gas displaces coal and to a lesser extent oil, driving down emissions, solely it also displaces some nuclear power, pushing up emissions. This puts emissions on a long-term trajectory unchanging with stabilizing the concentration of greenho white plague gases in the atmosphere at around 650 parts per million carbon dioxide equivalent, suggesting a long-term temperature rise of over 3.5 degrees Celsius (Gas is not). While a range of opinions be for and against subjective gas, it is overall a good origination of energy.Natural gas is a good source of energy not only because it is in abundance in the US, but also because it can be transported affordably. Natural gas is a clean energy alternate because the process of its fervent is cleaner compared to other fossil fuels. While burning, natural gas does not emit high amount of such bruising emissions as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or carbon monoxide. Burning of natural gas also does not produce any particulates or ash. Although natural gas is not as clean as solar energy or wind energy, yet it can be considered as a stop-gap energy alternative because of its cost-effectiveness, abundance, and simplicity of use while the society transits to other sources of energy. The amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by natural gas is half as much as the amount that is released as a result of burning of coal. The US provides evidence of a success story as emissions declined to a 20-year low in the jump off of the year 2012. Although the decline in emissions can also be attributed to certain other factors like a shift to renewables and energy efficiency, the decline was at least, in part, because of a transition from the burning of coal to the use of shale gas. Similarly, In cou ntries likePolandandChinawhere there is heavy

The Art of Costume Design for TV, Film and Theatre Essay

The Art of gussy up Design for TV, dart and Theatre - Essay ExampleUnlike other carriage and tog designers, in most instances those who convey deep down the media industry are not able to work totally in isolation with their deliver ideas, they cannot just work within their own imagination. There will also be a fate for the finished uniforms produced to corroborate paid regard to the input from a number of other department and individuals within the particular Film, TV and Theatre project.Film, Television and Theatre production companies and organisations consider costume design to be an integral and important part of the process of production. However, each of these individual media elements will impose a unlike approach and requirement upon the designer. However, as is the case with an actors poor performance, costume design and construction that falls goldbrick of the standard and quality demanded will also have the affect of devaluing the final production.Evaluate the effects of costume designing to the overall impact of the TV program, theatrical play and/or movie. - this can be through by conducting a series of researches on the point of view of the viewersUnlike other fashion design, costume design in Television, Film and Theatre has a far bigger responsibility in the areas that concern artistry and creativity. Concepts regarding costume design do not only consider what the designer thinks charm in the written report. Other concerns such as the directors opinions, the playwright, as well as timely significance of the story must be considered in costume design. Costume designers have their individual definitions of the term. These definitions are probably establish on their own experiences in the field. According to Deena Appel, Austin Powers costume designer, there is a distinct unlikeness between fashion design and costume design. However, ones sense of fashion is yet significant in costume design. Without which, the continuity of the cost ume with its characters and the story may not be given as much justice.Costume design is very different from fashion design. You learn mostly by doing, in reality. You have to have an inherent sense of fashion, but also of the body, and of storytelling, and so much of what we do is about trying to uphold tell the story through clothes. (http//www.cnn.com/STYLE/9907/06/appel.transcript/, para 11)Sue Blane, who is yet another

Organizational theory Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

organisational theory - Coursework Example45)For the best effectuation of change towards this model, first, there should be personal and team education, this would do in the proper understanding of the challenges presented and the possible methods to deal with these challenges, for this to go as required the process moldiness start with a self-assessment test. They should then highlight the concepts and the approaches, and then conduct the training sessions (Moretz, 2012, p. 107)The second step towards pitiable to this model is educating others, in that those who understand the concepts of this model and have enough knowledge regarding strategies and programs can share this study with other staff members and their colleagues. As the information spreads, even the families come to join the process. This may be by professional and personal stories, organizational leadership staff and even peer mentorsThe third step for the implementation of the model is the development of infrastru cture, this helps in sustaining and creating improvements in many institutions. Infrastructure development may be through and through staff liaison, integration of patient and family advisors and development of action plans (Moretz, 2012, p.

Ministry Integration Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ministry Integration Project - Research Paper ExampleThis act of cast Christ Jesus in our own personal lives can serve as the strongest witness oer whatever is preached in the pulpit. On the other hand, a single pastor is the symbol of integrity and virtue in the presence of too many temptations in the world. That said, a married pastor that experiences chaos in his family lifespan will act as a bad influence and at the same period be destructive to the congregation that they are ministering to and hence hinder his role and purpose as the overlords witness to the rest of the world.Pastors and to the larger extent Christians ought to have it together in their personal and family lives so as to act as a good example to the rest of the commonwealth that is composed of non- believers and believers of other faiths. A chaotic pastors or Christians life will offer little incentive to the non-believer since they will non see the need to substitute their current life with a chaotic l ife in the name of non-believers.A Christian leader who does not have any organized love and family relationship will not command any jimmy from his congregation since they will not hold him in such high regard. In the real world, families are not constantly perfect and this does not exclude the pastors family as well. There always tends to be conflict in married life. With this said, the minister always has a higher or greater responsibility to ensure that his marriage and family always tend to work even in the face of every(prenominal) these problems that afflict most if not every family.The minister of the church will always have a much greater responsibility in bringing up his children in the way of the Lord and in like manner with respect and Love. This aspect does not mean that his family is expected to be perfect, but it means that he should hold his family problems with integrity and maturity so as to end up in the end with a fall in family as well as a

Comorbidity Eating Disorders and Substance Abuse Essay

Comorbidity Eating Disorders and center field Ab social occasion - Essay ExampleUsing a behavior specific approach in a community-based sample, Piran and Robinson (2005) found that as disordered eating behaviors became more severe, or were clustered together, the number of substance classes utilize increased. In addition, particular eating disordered behaviors were differentially related to the uptake of various substance classes.The take aim of the comorbidity betwixt disordered eating and substance use in middle and high schools samples tended to focus on the association amid attitudes toward eating, weight, and shape and tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use (Field et al., 2002). Nonetheless, several school-based studies slang as well as reported on associations between tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use in relation to bingeing, oppress and dieting behaviors (Lock et al., 2001 and Tomori et al., 2001). However, only a few investigations ha ve included a broader range of substance classes term investigating associations between disordered eating attitudes and behaviors and substance use in school-based studies (Von Ranson et al., 2002). Tomori et al. ... (2002) found an association between the revised EDI subscales of Binge Eating, Body Dissatisfaction, and Compensating Behaviors, and the use of a wide range of illicit drugs. There atomic number 18 a small number of studies that have examined the relationship between problematic eating patterns and substance use in university samples (Anderson et al., 2005, Dunn et al., 2002, Krahn et al., 2005, Saules et al., 2004,). Several of these studies have focused on the relationship between bulimic symptomatology and substance use (Dunn et al., 2002 and Krahn et al., 2005). For example, Dunn et al. (2002) found no difference in patterns of alcohol use among college-age non-treatment seeking females with and without bulimia nervosa. The investigators did, however, find differ ences between the groups in their reported use of marijuana, opiates, and barbiturates. Krahn et al. (2005) found that the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption were positively associated with a measure that assessed the combined severity of engagement in bingeing, dieting, and purging behaviors. In their study, smoking cigarettes, even at very low levels, was also related to the measure of combined disordered eating behaviors. Other university-based studies have explored the relationship between disordered eating attitudes and behaviors as measured on the Eating Disorder armoury (EDI) and substance abuse. Krahn et al. (2005) reported a positive significant, albeit small, association between problematic alcohol use in female undergraduate students and the EDI subscales of Bulimia and Interoceptive Awareness, but no such correlation with the other EDI subscales. No significant relationships were found between EDI subscales and use of other substances,

Project Saturn Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Project Saturn - model Study ExampleSaturn was to be a plant to produce a brand new cable car GM had not been introducing a brand new railcar for some time. The name Saturn bears the name of the go up ship the astronauts used to go to the moon. Saturn was to combine innovative technique in labor relations and innovative manufacturing technique. Roger Smith said that Saturn was the key to GMs long-term competitiveness, survival and success, and its mission was to develop and produce an American-made small car that will be fully competitive with the best of the imports and affirm that American ingenuity, American technology and American productivity can once again be the model and the inspiration for the rest of the world. (Ingrassia)After certain planning, with intervention from governors of different states to have the plant built in their jurisdictions, Smith proceeded with the project in take form Hill, Tennessee. More than two decades later, a new brand of recession hits the world. GM has a pending exertion for a bailout by the White House. And Saturn is closely to be sold out to whoever wants it. What happened to the GM savior aft(prenominal) all these yearsIt was Smiths dream - the savior concept of Saturn to put GM back on track. In the 1980s, GM was still struggling or was just recovering from the harsh realities of the recession. Yet, it was threatened by other auto giants of the time, like Ford, and the Japanese automakers Honda and Toyota. These companies had their own brand competitive cars and a distinct but in force(p) management. fall out No. 2 How effective was the new brand of management and new technology on Saturn to contribute GM to its desired leadership in the industry The innovative technique in labor relations so materialize, but not the technology that Smith envisioned. Smith and the UAW agreed on a Memorandum of pledge to implement plans for innovative technique in labor relations. Smith and UAW head Donald Ephlin signe d the MOU which stated this convention We believe that all people want to be involved in decisions that affect them, care about their jobs and each other and want to share in the success of their efforts.This kind of effort proved effective and beneficial for the plant employees. They were now part of the management of the plant and even in hiring new employees. They felt they were part-owners of Saturn. But this produced resentment inside GM. Other GM brands viewed Saturn as unfair to them.The first Saturn cars went on bargain in the fall of 1990 to great fanfare. When the Japanese auto makers bought one Saturn car and opened it up, they all laughed to what they spy the dashboard had overlapping plastic panels that made it look cheap, and a harsh-sounding engine that stemmed from inferior take mounts. (Ingrassia) Issue No. 3 - Did Saturn bring GM financial successes, and otherwiseSaturn was behind arch-rival Ford in earnings, eccentric and every other measure. GMs financial performance was lagging. The quality or different kind of car that Saturn was to framing as envisioned by Smith did not materialize. Smith had bought whole companies, like Ross Perots

Sunoco case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sunoco - Case Study ExampleThough it has managed to get together 14% increase in net income through cutting expenses, the loss in shareholders value has go away a major concern. The company is faced with challenges of reducing cost through restructuring and evolving new telephone circuit prototype. As a result, Cindy Hartley was appointed as Senior Vice President of HR by CEO, Harris DeLoach so as to bring about necessary changes at heart the organization. It is believed that new business model would enhance organizational capabilities in terms of human resource and provide it with flexible approach to meet the challenges of time.Sonocos traditional model of business is faced with huge challenges of private-enterprise(a) business due to rapid globalization and advancing technology. The overcapacity within the industry has forced businesses to consolidate and diversify to regions like South East Asia, specifically China and India where belittled production cost helps to mainta in leverage. Initially, industrial packaging had accounted for 55% of its revenue but now the bring down seems to founder reversed. Consumer packaging now represents 70% of industrial revenue and operates within the broader framework of global business environment. Branding and market segmentation have also become very important aspects which have redefined the habit of packaging within the new business imperatives. Retail packaging has become vital part of merchandise of goods. This has further escalated financial burden as creative inputs in design require new technology that would equip organizations with hi-tech tools of designing. Most importantly, Sonoco has realized that in the dynamic business environment, people centric policies have become central to business goals and must be developed to compete in the highly competitive business environment.The major problem of Sonoco is that its HR strategies are not aligned with the business goals and objectives. Though it has co ncentrate HR policy but each of the Divisions of Sonoco works independently

Formative Assessment Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Formative sound judgment - Literature review ExampleThe following essay aims to evaluate a particular research done using a particular framework with a focus on the factor of identity. Currently, the most comprehensive framework used for evaluation is known as the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families, which is also referred to as the Assessment Framework. Released in 2000 in guidance form chthonic the UK Department of Health, the Assessment Framework takes into consideration collar domains in analysing family shoess. These factors include the childs organic evolution needs, the capacity of the p bents to raise the child, and family and environmental factors (Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families 17). Under each of these three domains are multiple dimensions or factors which the favorable worker must consider in both assessing the family situation and in making decisions of any type regarding the child. Falling under the domain of the childs tuition needs is the dimension of identity. According to the Assessment Framework, it concerns the childs growing sentiency of self as a separate and valued person. Identity includes the childs view of self and abilities, self-image and self-esteem, and the possession of a positive sense of individuality. Race, religion, age, gender, sexuality and disability may all contribute to this. The said concept also includes feelings of belonging and sufferance by family, peer group and wider society, including other cultural groups (Framework 19). Knowing how the child views him or herself, especially in relation to others, is essential in achieving the end goal of the childs holistic well-being. How benignant beings view themselves has long been a topic of discussion for legion(predicate) of the social sciences and their practical counterparts in social work, as evidenced by the various theories on identity formation, development, and composition that have bee n put forward. These theories are very varied, from George Herbert Meads I and Me theory, to the object-relation theories of Winnicott (Thomas & Holland 2619). It is no surprise then, that there are just as many researches regarding identity as there are theories about them. For the purpose of this essay, however, the discussion will focus on the 2009 research by Jane Thomas and Sally Holland regarding the representation of childrens identities in core assessments. The research, which was conducted in Wales, was undertaken via the depth psychology of twenty-six core assessments concerning thirty-two children and implemented by thirteen social service practitioners (Thomas and Holland 2621). The core assessments were conducted under the guidelines of the Assessment Framework. The research focused on the portion of the assessment that dealt with identity and data collection consisted of version of assessment reports, semi-structured interviews with the thirteen practitioners, semi-st ructured interviews with thirteen parents or carers and semi-structured interviews and research-related games and activities with ten children (Thomas and Holland 2622). The research yielded interesting results. It was shown through the interviews that the practitioners themselves were aware of the conciliatory and changing nature of identity and had some difficulty with describing their own identity,

Social Science Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

amicable Science Research - Essay ExampleThis paper as the main designate of tracing out the advantages of a relative methodology that result in value addition in case study analysis ,on the one hand, and, on the other, this paper also explains the various pitfalls that are encountered in social science research when it deploys the comparative methodology. This analysis is achieved by carrying out a literature canvas in support of arguments in favour of and against the comparative methodology and by citing literature involving case studies that deployed comparative analysis as methodology.Seligson & Tucker (2003) report an interesting cross country study of 2 very different nations i.e. Bolivia and Russia. They attempt to arrive at conclusions regarding preference for ex-authoritarian rulers in public elections in each of these 2 countries which are otherwise very divergent in social, economic and geopolitical characteristics. In order to do such conclusions the research depl oyed the comparative methodology. The researchers explain their research setting, conclusions and variables in following words, In our research we come up that a preference for authoritarian regime types is a key predictor of support for ex-authoritarian candidates for president in two vastly different countries Bolivia and Russia. ... Despite the different past and contemporary economic and political characteristics of these two countries, voters choose to support ex-authoritarian candidates in free elections in part because they favor authoritarian regime types. Social capital variables, though, seem to have no effect on this vote choice. Pro-authoritarian attitudes, however, are not the just factors driving support for these candidates. In the Bolivian case our separate suggests that voters whitethorn also prefer ex-authoritarian candidates because of tinge over unemployment and corruption. In the Russian case, concern over the state of the national economy clearly plays a ro le. In both countries, older voters are more likely to support ex-authoritarian candidates. In Russia we find kindred patterns for poorer and working class voters as well. As we have examined only two cases in which voters have consider their ballots for former authoritarians, there remain many questions for prox research. As a first step, it would be informatory to examine whether we find similar patterns in other post-communist and Latin American countries in an effort to strike sure we have not merely stumbled upon an exclusively Bolivian-Russian connection. Moreover, this analysis was deliberately limited to Presidential elections to urge on more seamless comparison across the two cases. Having established a realistic basis for comparison, future work could consider parliamentary elections, as well as sub-national elections, in hopes of seeking further evidence of the generalizability of our findings. It is clear from the above that the researchers are very wary of the con clusions reached by them after this comparative analysis. They mention the factors that may affect the

Nokia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nokia - Term Paper ExampleThe complacency or need of proactive action by Nokia is in line with the psychic prison parable. This metaphor joins the idea that brass instruments argon ultimately created and sustained by conscious and unconscious processes, with the notion that people can actually acquire imprisoned in the images, ideas, thoughts, and actions to which these processes give rise. (Morgan 207). These aspects of self-limitations could develop in an employee, then in a team and could emit in an entire organization, causing negative impacts like non-growth and further sea-coast. After reaching the top, Nokia from its top direction to the lower-level employees allowed this psychic prison factor to creep in, thereby forming a false sense of security. Nokia not lonesome(prenominal) avoided improving its existing strategies but also avoided carrying out key innovations particularly in the aspect of its operational system, thus allowing its competitors to leapfrog over it . Thus, the psychic prison factor made Nokias growth a stagnant one, and in course of time caused a downslide. As its market parcel continued to slide, Nokia opinionated to come up with strategic falsifys to avert the slide and emerge successful. In that direction, Nokia found that its direct System (OS), Symbian was not able to compete with newer and more advanced OSs like iOS and Android, thus contributing sizably to the slide in Nokias Market Share. This perspective was validated by Gartner analyst Nick Jones, who stated, Market share is an existential threat to Symbian, it imperils the very existence of the platform, and the main reason Symbian is losing share is the user experience, which isnt warring with Apple or Android. (Chen). Key issue or issues to be investigated Due to this understanding, Nokia went in search of other(a) OSs, which can be incorporated into its devices. After doing in-depth study, Nokia and in particular its recently appointed CEO, Stephen Elop, wh o is actually a former head of Microsoft business division, decided to form a strategic alliance with Microsoft in former(a) 2011, thereby replacing not only Symbian but also MeeGo with Microsofts Windows forebode operating systems particularly with Windows Phone 8. Although, Nokia decided to run its low-to-mid end mobile devices on Symbian and MeeGo, majority of its devices especially Smart Phones were planned to be migrated to Windows OS. After being attached with Symbian OS for many years, this decision to incorporate Windows OS is not an abstemious process to adopt and implement, as it involves sizable changes to the whole organization including its different departments. Any change in strategy will have to be accompanied by a sizable amount of change within the organizational structure. This need to actualize changes in various departments is line with the metaphor of Flux and transformation. This metaphor focuses on how entities including organizational bodies will be in a c onstant state of change, based on the changes that are happening in their external and internal environment. Everything flows and nothing abides everything gives way and nothing stays fixed. (Morgan 241). If the organization maintains a rigid stance, without changing and flowing with the flow, then it will stagnate. Only if the organization in line with Flux and Transformation updates its organizational processes, filtering out failing processes and

Morality in Education and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Speech or Presentation

Morality in Education and the Canadian rent of Rights and Freedoms - Speech or introduction ExampleAnd this is similar to the way that the laws of science work in nature, laws of logic work for reason e very(prenominal) this means that there overly exists a moral order. It is vital that we once again believe in a superior, unchanging moral order, and give it a proper and important place in the educational process. And this is why several people feel that morality education should be taught in schools. And this is non it. Schools also hold the responsibility to guide children in the step by step development procedure, and developing moral philosophy and ethical principles leads to proper development. Thus, it is indeed the responsibility of the school that it educates the children regarding the morals. It is important for moral education to be started very early on so that the morals argon instilled in the child per homoently. Moral education should induce at home and continue in school. However, it does not end there. It continues throughout a persons life as he is involved in various situations and circumstances. The social forces continue to teach man about how to act morally and change and influence him. Moral education helps a person claim appropriate decisions it tells him the difference between skillful and wrong. One thing, however, is to be noted that morality is an abstract theory and everyone has a different view of it and the teacher will pass on to their students what they keep back in their mind. Canadian submit of Rights and Freedoms The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is for the guarantee of the rights and freedoms of the people in Canada. They cannot be rebounded by law, within limits that are reasonable and evidently justified in a free and independent society. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms issues bang of human rights in Canada. The Charter is part of the law and the Constitution of Canada. The federal governm ent is not allowed to arbitrarily change anything in the charter. She is also a paramount to the laws of any province or territory. The Charter makes sure that everyone in Canada is able to enjoy certain basic freedoms which are these They have a right to any religion and freedom of conscience They are not restricted regarding their thought, religion and expression and they have freedom of media, such as press They have no restrictions regarding any peaceful assembly they involve They are allowed to associate with whomsoever they wish (for example, membership in the union) These rights are known as fundamental freedoms since they are the basic rights allowed to every person living in Canada. However, the Charter does allow the Parliament to temporarily restrict some or all of these freedoms in certain situations for instance the people may not be allowed the freedom of assembly when there is a war. Although the Charter gives the right of freedom of speech, student councils in mass of Canadian secondary schools are closely monitored and restricted by school administrations. So, basically, students do not have complete rights over their speech, assembly or publishing what they want to. That means the Charter is not valid in this case although the courts may ask schools for justification regarding the limitations. Limiting students rights may be a keen thing and also may not work out well. Good because it is important to take care of and maintain discipline in schools and educational institutions and if students are given complete freedom they may take advantage of that. The bad part is

Weapons Of Mass Destruction Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Weapons Of Mass Destruction - Research Paper Examplethither are widespread assumptions that terrorist groups are going to use weapon of mass destruction and the use of NBC weapons by terrorists are super inevitable. There is an increase in the number of terrorist groups that are both capable and interested in create mass casualties. Their weapons fuck off become more lethal in the age of globalization.Throughout history, chemical and biological weapons have been used by politically motivated individuals and groups, for purposes such as assassinations and generating terror. Since the successful development of the first nuclear weapons in 1945, debates about terrorism involving nuclear, biological and chemical weapons have been cyclical in nature, recurring in every decade, with varying levels of intensity.DefinitionsThe term weapons of mass destruction has been introduced to the world by recent horrible events standardised the Japanese subway attack using Sarin nerve agent, the ab ortive Russian hostage come out at the Moscow theater using fentanyl, and threats from North Korea and Iran for use of nuclear weapons.Most commonwealth would consider WMD as a collective for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons, but this is not correct. All weapons of mass destruction may not cause extensive destruction. A better definition for these weapons might be those things which kill people in more horrible ways than bullets or trauma, or which cause effects other than scarce damaging or destroying buildings and objects, with the element of fear or panic included.

Discussion question Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

Discussion question - Assignment ExampleFor instance, integrity is very fine in a workplace environment. Being honest as well as doing the right social occasion when it is infallible plays a significant role in the general performance of the constitution. Integrity improves the performance of organizations since employees atomic number 18 trusted in the utilization of resources, and more importantly, supervision may not be necessary (Daft, 2013).To reckon that organizations are effective in terms of resource utilization, performance as well as productivity, it is fateful to make employees aware of their responsibilities. When employees are aware of their responsibilities accountability is enhanced. Accountability is a very critical ingredient in organizations. How well resources are utilized in an organization is determined by how well an organization has laid its accountability structures.Organizations are required to take various steps to make employees aware of their respo nsibilities including create of employees handbook. During induction, employees are required to be provided with an employee handbook. An employees handbook contains all the guidelines of the job including their various duties and responsibilities. An employee handbook provide keep every employee accountable to every duty they are delegated to undertake (Daft, 2013).Additionally, organizations may be required to offer frequent reviews of the employees duties and responsibilities. These reviews can be done through seminars, workshops or internal meetings with various(prenominal) employees. Review will act as a way of showing employees how critical their responsibilities are to the boilersuit performance of the organization (Daft,

Womens Roles Then and Now Essay Example for Free

Womens Roles Then and Now EssayAbigail verbalize she was born November 11, 1744 in Weymouth, Massachusetts to the Reverend William and Elizabeth Quincy Smith. She give tongue to that she married John Adams on October 25, 1764 and they moved to Braintree, Massachusetts where she gave birth to six children. She fearfulnessd for her children at the Braintree home objet dart her conserve was an accomplished lawyer. She was left largely alone for ten years during the the Statesn Revolution to draw in the household. Women raceway a family home were also running a family business. The family homes were centers of production households often had to produce their hold food, clothing, and many of their own supplies. Women were often in charge of coordinating and producing these materials and, thus, were an es moveial part of keeping the family vital and well.Catherine the Great said that she was born May 2, 1729 in Stettin, Prussia to Christian terribleus and his wife, Johanna Elizabeth of Holstein-Gottorp. She said her baptismal name was Sophia capital of Maine Frederica. In accordance with the custom then prevailing in German princely families, she was educated in the main by French governesses and tutors. In 1744 she was taken to Russia, to become the fianc to the grand duke Peter, the nephew of the empress Elizabeth, and her recognized heir. They married on August 21, 1745 at St. Petersburg. Unlike Abigail, Catherine did non have to do the day to day chores of raising a family and running a home. She had servants to do that job.The historical status for women in general during the 18th century in America changed from the previous years. Married womens lives revolved to a large extent around managing the household, a habit which in many cases included partnership in running farms or home businesses. Even those women whose companionable standing afforded increased leisure took up spinning and other activities to replace imported goods. They prepared food for militia moldinessers and made cartridges. War, when it came, touched everyone. Abigail stated that she joined her diplomat husband in Europe in 1784 where they spent eight months in Paris. In 1785, she filled the role of wife of the first U.S. minister to the speak to of St. James in London.They returned in 1788 to a house known as the Old House in Quincy, Massachusetts which she set about vigorously enlarging and remodeling. When John was elected President of the United States, Abigail continued a formal pattern of entertaining. With the removal of the capital to Washington in 1800, she became the first First Lady to control over the White House. She told Catherine that she took an active role in politics and policy. She was so governmentally active her political opponents came to refer to her as Mrs. President.Catherine said that once she married her husband she set about winning the hearts of the Russian people. She learned the language of the people and made up her mind to do any(prenominal) had to be done, and to profess to believe whatever she was required to believe, in order to be qualified to clothing the crown. Being raised in the Lutheran faith she declined the religious services of a Protestant pastor, and sent for an orthodox priest who had been appointed to instruct her in the Greek form of Christianity. On June 28th, 1744 she was into the Orthodox church service at Moscow, and was renamed Catherine Alexeyevna. Catherine was emphatically a sovereign and a politician who was in the last resort steer by the reason of state. Her foreign policy was as consistent as it could be considering the forces she had to content against.It was steadily aimed to secure the greatness and the safety of Russia. She stated that she loved her adopted country and had affection for her people. She incorporated insight ideas into her politics, commissioned art, and created s successful foreign policy. She also expanded the Russian Empire to the Black s ea by defeating the Ottoman Empire in two major wars. Catherines empire spanned over one-third continents Europe, Asia, and part of North America. It stretched form the Arctic Ocean to the North, the Black sea to the South, Alaska and the Pacific to the East, and the Baltic Sea to the West. She reformed the system by creating a legislative commission in 1767, introducing a system of local anesthetic self-government in 1775, and issuing the Charter to the Nobility in 1785.Russia became the largest producer of iron, cast iron and copper. She had more(prenominal) than 200 factories and workshops. Industrial production had doubled the value of domestic and foreign trade tripled. Though she had mount the throne by a military revolt and entered on great schemes of conquest, she never took an intelligent busy in her army. She neglected it in peace, allowed it to be shamefully administered in war, and could never be made to make that it was not in her power to improvise generals out of her favorites.Each of the women had opinions on the role women should play in society during their lifetimes. Abigail told Catherine that she was an advocate of married womens property seriouss and more opportunities for women, particularly in the field of education. Women, she believed, should not submit to laws not made in their interest, nor should they be content with the simple role of being companions to their husbands. She said that women should educate themselves and thus be recognized for their intellectual capabilities, so they could guide and influence the lives of their children and husbands. Abigail along with her husband believed that slavery was evil and a threat to the American democratic society.Catherine stated that she was kind to her servants, and was very favorable of young children. She was rarely angry with people who merely contradicted her or failed to perform their service in her household. Her celebrated toleration stopped short of allowing the dissent ers to build chapels, and her passion for legislative reform grew cold when she found that she must begin by the emancipation of the serfs. She saw no reason to emancipate the serfs because there would be no one to do the work.Abigail Adams would greatly admire the current roles of women today. Condoleezza Rice, the first African-American woman to become the U.S. secretaire of State advising the leader of the world largest superpower, Hillary Rodham Clinton, a U.S. Senator for the state of New York and then the Secretary of State, and Sandra Day OConnor, the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court.Catherine the Great would also greatly admire the current roles of women today. Indira Gandhi, the top Minister of India from 1966-1977. This was the highest position in the worlds most populous democracy and was especially prodigious for Indian women, who had traditionally been subservient to men. Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1988-1990 and 1993-1996, the firs t female leader of a Muslim country and Golda Meir, Prime Minister of Israel form 1969-1974.Both Abigail Adams and Catherine the Great would approve of the fact that women have the right to study and become doctors, lawyers, scientists and even politicians. No longer are women confined to the home raising children. nowadayss modern woman has a home, works a full time job and takes care of her children and some even decide to continue their education. Women have come a long way since the set out of time.Referencehttp//www.bookrags.com/printfriendly/?p=essaysu=2005/5/23/231755/036 http//ezinearticles.com/?How-the-role-of-Women-Has-Changesid=3602156 http//www.forbes.com/lists/2005/11/DFBA.htmlhttp//www.forbes.com/lists/2005/11/DZTZ.htmlhttp//www.forbes.com/lists/2005/11/MTNG.htmlhttp//www.123helpme.com/american-womens-changing-roles-in-society-view.asp?id=15 http//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?titlr=Abigail_Adamsprintable=yes http//fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catherine_11_de_Ru ssieprintable=yes

Success of Henry VII in strengthening the financial position of the Crown Essay Example for Free

succeeder of Henry VII in streng whenceing the financial position of the Crown EssayCrown lands were the abilitys estates. there were many ways in which Henry increased the yield of his crowingn lands.* Henry gained a roach of land from the Battle of Bosworth by naming himself king before the day of the battle therefore fashioning all his opponents traitors and had the right to attain them all.* He gained a lot of land partly by nigh fortune from York and Lancaster.* Henry was not as generous as pass kings e.g. Edward IV, and kept most of his lands to himself only when with the exception with some people like his mother, his uncle Jasper. * Used escheats, which were a right for the king to have lands passed to him when manpower died without heirs.* Skilful workers that helped Henry increase yield of lands e.g. Duchy of Lancaster and Sir Reginald Bray.Effectiveness of policy.Income from crown lands was increased by 30 % generally during his reign and with the help of Sir R eginald Bray the annual income of 650 increased 10 fold.Custom duties.Theses were levied on wool, leather, cloth and wine. It was a fee, which was needed to be paid for trading. Edward IV increased his income by increasing trade and press clipping down on embezzlement at all levels. Henry did the same and followed what Edward IV did.Effectiveness of policy.The average annual receipts were 33,000 for the first 10 long time of the reign and 40,000 thereafter, so there was not a great deal of raised income.Feudal dues.Feudal dues were paid be people who held land from the king in return for military service. Feudal dues included* Wardship, in which the king took control in the estates of minor league until they came an age.* Livery, the payment to recover lands out of wardship.* Marriage, right of crown to arrange wedlocks for unmarried heirs/heiresses.* Relief, payment made so that the crown recognised inheritance of land rather then reclaiming it to the throne.Effectiveness of pol icy.Initially the proceeds from wardship and marriage were small, amounting to only 350 in 1487, but after 1503 a special officer was appointed to supervise them and by 1507 the annual income was 6,000 a massive increase.Revenue through the operation of the judicial system.As monarch, Henry was notch of the judicial system and was therefore entitled to its profits. Henry made the most of this by doing a take of things.* Fines Henry was eager to exact fines rather then imprisonment or execution to increase his incomes.* Attainders method of punishment whereby the profits from the attained persons lands go to the crown.Effectiveness of policy.There were a lot of attainders e.g. Sir William Stanley had to pay9,000 and then1,000 p.a. for his treason in 1495. The highest passed was 51, total of 140, a third reversed.Parliamentary portion outs.Extraordinary revenue was coin which came to the crow on particular make and therefore with no regularity. It arose from the obligation of th e kings subjects to help him when the national interest was threatened. It was received, by the king requesting for the parliamentary consent. The usual type of tax levied was a national assessment.Effectiveness of policy.Parliamentary grants were less(prenominal) in(predicate) as they restricted Henrys freedom of action in return for money. By 1485 the taxes raised had turn into a fixed sum of about 29,000.Loans and benevolences.The king could rely on loans from his richer subjects in times of need by request, and was almost virtually impossible to decline.Effectiveness of policy.It was effective in the way it was quite successful as Henry had only asked modest amounts of money from his subjects and had always repaid back, probably to lessen the risk of ascent of some sort.Feudal obligations.As feudal overlord Henry could demand money from his subjects for special occasions e.g. the knighting of his eldest son, marriage of his eldest daughter.Effectiveness of policy.Anyone who earned more then 40 p.a. had to become a knight, along with the financial burdens that it entailed in military service. So this would have made a lot of money to add to the kings income from the financial burdens.Clerical dues and other income from the church.Convocation usually offered money when the king was requesting it from the parliament grant e.g. in 1489 when 25,000 was raised for the French war.Effectiveness of policy.Due to a rash of deaths amongst the bishops in the last years of the reign, Henry received over 6,000 per annum in this way.

John LockEs View on Innate Knowledge Essay Example for Free

stern LockEs View on Innate Knowledge EssayJohn Locke, a renowned English philosopher in the seventeenth century, argued against the pre-existing prevalent belief of unlearned association, such as those led by Descartes. Many of Lockes arguments begin with criticisms on philosophers opinion on nescient knowledge, notably Descartes. thitherfore, many of Lockes arguments argon direct rebuttals of Descartes and other philosophers beliefs about the existence of indispensable knowledge. To grow at the conclusion that innate knowledge is impossible, Locke comes with various premises and rebuttals that add weight to his arguments. First, Locke emphasizes that knowledge and ideas ar learned through experience, not innately. He argues that peoples minds at birth argon unclouded slate that is later filled through experience. Here, the senses play an important role because the knowledge of some truths, as Locke confesses, is very in the mind but in a way that shows them not to be innate. By this, Locke argues that some ideas argon actually in the mind from an previous(predicate) age but these ideas are furnished by the senses starting in the womb.For example, the color muddied and theblueness of something is not that which is learned innately but is some is learned through exposures to a blue object or thing. So if we do bugger off a widely distributed understanding of blueness, it is because we are exposed to blue objects ever since we were young. The blue sky is what many would acquaint with blue easily and at a young age. Second, Locke argues that people have no innate prescripts. Locke contended that innate principles rely upon innate ideas within people but such innate ideas do not exist. He says this on the basis that in that location is no universal consent that everyone agrees upon.Locke quotes that There is nothing more commonly taken for granted that thither are certain principles universally concur upon by all mankind, but there are none t o which all mankind give a universal defer. This argues against the very foundation of the idea of innate knowledge because principles that garner universal harmonize are thought to be known innately, simply because it is the beat out rendering available. However, it potbellynot even be an explanation for such belief because no universal consent exists. Rationalists argue that there are in incidentsome principles that are universally agreed upon, such as the principle of identity. But it is far-fetched to claim that everyone knows this principle of identity because for the least, children and idiots, the less- good ones are not acquainted with it. There are several objections to these premises and arguments that are defined above. The argument by Locke that there are some ideas that are in the mind at an early age gives credence to argument for the innate ideas. For ideas to be furnished by the senses later on there has to be ideas that are laid as foundations.If such ideas ar e innate, as acknowledged by Locke, no matter how trivial or less significant these ideas whitethorn be as one may argue, such claim could give weight to the idea of innate knowledge. Innate knowledge or ideas, aft(prenominal) all, doesnt imply that all ideas are innate because as one can see, there are things that we learn through our experiences and encounters in life as well. So as long as there is even the basic principle that is innate early in life, then innate knowledge can be known to exist. The validity behind the claim that there is no universal consent is in like manner questionable.Locke argues that no principle that all mankind agrees upon exists because there are those who are not acquainted with such principle, notably children and idiots. However, the terms children and idiots are somewhat misguided. How are children and especially the idiots categorized? Is there a item criteria used for those who are classified as idiots? It is hard to generalize that idiots or those who are deemed less intelligent are not acquainted with certain principles because at times, intelligence is not the best indicator of persons knowledge or ideas.There are many intelligent people out there who take their status for granted and do not think, contemplate or make an effort to their best extent. The objections that are made against the initial arguments can be defended in certain ways. Regarding the objection that since there are innate ideas in the mind at an early age, innate knowledge exists, the term innate should be thought of again in greater detail. Innate knowledge has to be significant enough for us to recount to be considered such. Thus, there comes a risk with considering the ideas within our minds early on as innate.For example, the knowledge of our detainment and feet maybe imbedded to us at a very early stage. The knowledge of using our hands and feet are not so significant. The knowledge that we gain through our use of hands and feet could be vit al knowledge that we may recount throughout. Throwing a baseball properly under a coachs instructions is an example. Also, there is the claim that intelligence cannot be the sole indicator of ones acquisition of universal consent and that there isnt a clear distinction of those who can understand universal principles to those who cannot.However, the important focus here should not be on defining idiots and intelligence but on that universal consent is hard to be assembled by every single mankind. Therefore, more should be considered than on the dot innate knowledge that could garner universal consent. Empirical principles that are derived from experience could garner universal assent too. For example, the fear of dying or getting seriously injured could mean that people would not wipe out the roof from tall buildings. And this belief could be universal among all.

Qvc Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Qvc Case Analysis EssayCase QVC seed NA HG495 Case Analysis Instructor NA Abstract This case analysis allow be focused on the comp whatsoever QVC (Quality, Value, and Convenience). We will perform an analysis review, which, will provide a blanket(prenominal) brainstorm into the companys historical and current business structures, strategies and efficiencies in their operations. It will include a detailed SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) (Humphrey) and the primary activities of the Value Chain Analysis (Porter), to provide greater insight into the firms competitive advantage. These key concepts will be used to analyze QVCs business model, define electric potential challenges and initiate a plan of execution. We will then recommend solutions such as advocating products with higher utility margins, finding evolving technologies and untapped markets and streamlining logistics. These strategies would expand the customer base and create higher ROI (Return of Investment), positioning the company towards punctual growth. IntroductionQVC is a multimedia retailer, specializing in televised position shopping, broadcasting in five countries (US, UK, Germany, Japan and, Italy), 24 hours a day, seven days a week, to oer 90 million households in the United States and clx million homes worldwide. They offer a wide range of products with over 1500 major brands and 50,000 products, including beauty, fashion and accessories, jewelry, craft and leisure, home electronics, garden, and do-it-yourself (DIY), and clearance goods. The company has store operations in the US, which includes Delaw ar and Pennsylvania.QVC also has a lucrative website called iQVC (www. qvc. com) that generates over 1 billion of sales on its Internet operations. Since it was launched in 1986 QVC has rapidly grown to become the largest tv shopping network. By 2006, its reach had extended to over 95 percent of all U. S. cable homes, as well as, over 25 million satel lite homes. It shipped over 140 million packages during 2006 to customers around the world, resulting in almost $7. 1 billion in sales and over 1 billion operating profit. sales were made to over 10 million customers, who watched its shows across the US, UK, Germany, Japan and Italy. Problem Doug Rose, QVCs vice hot seat of merchandising brand development, claims that the interactivity in all aspects of the firms business and operations, including its television shopping channel, will need to become more pronounced. Making it easier for customers to act on what they see. QVC believes that it still has a lot of means to grow, since only about 2% to 3% of its television viewers currently purchase at any given time.Bringing that percentage higher is the main problem that affects the major revenue stream and would overlook an internal/external analysis (balance scorecard) to bring in new viewers/customers to purchase their products. There are other challenges that can attribute to ge nerating more revenue, such as, selling products with higher margins and offering shopping take to customers outside North America. They could also add more interactive features that would allow more access.

Weaknesses of modern democracy Essay Example for Free

Weaknesses of new(a) commonwealth EssayDemocracy is the finish up path of government, except for all those others that have been tried from meter to time. These ar the words used by Sir Winston Churchill while he was expressing his resolve with democracy. Democracy is the dominant form of government in the world with the riddance of a few countries. In Sir Winstons statement, the phrase, except all those others that have been tried from time to time however, shows that despite being a weak form of government, its relatively the best form of disposal in history1. Weaknesses of modern democracy span from the fundamental to contemporary ones as this paper illustrates.The biggest problem with modern democratically elected governments is the sluggish manner in which they conduct their business2. This is detrimental to whatever governments role in deliberating on divulge policies. Any policy making exercise by any government should be marked by strong decisiveness. Modern de mocratic governments have adopted compromise in the place of decisiveness2. In circumstances where long term solutions are needed, short term solutions are made leaving problems unsolved and very sensitive to future discussions. On part of the governed, unfulfilled promises trio to disillusionment eventually resulting to numerous and sporadic government changes thus overhauls and patching of critical government programs and key policies1.A good example of sluggishness in government policing is the destitute nature of the United States sparing2. weighing in dealing with the huge public debt and recession, have drastically reduced the strength of the economy. With the congress locked in ideological partisan politics, important decisions on the economy have been unforthcoming. On the other hand, China (without democracy and very decisive) has a strong economy growing with an above average growth rate2.The original comment of democracy is a government whereby people determine on the way they are governed mostly by means of elected representatives1. Democracy is guided by the core principle of majority rule2. However, today the minority as well might have their way provided there is enough money to bribe the electorate. Such governments give up up sp stoping extravagantly so as to achieve all campaign promises1. Excessive spending leads to accumulation of huge public debts, as seen in the European Union and in the USA. To settle these debts, governments end up borrowing more money and imposing huge taxes. These end up reducing an economys competitiveness and reducing critical investment within a country2.Another weakness in democracy is the accession of incompetent leaders to office. Most citizens in countries with modern democracy belong to a gullible bourgeois class1. An level-headed charismatic leader with self interests can easily deceive much(prenominal) masses to get into office. Once in office such leaders end up forgetting their promises in pursuit of personal gains2.In modern democracy, most voters do not vote due to an bounden purpose as required in democracy but due to persuasion by candidates1. overdue to the equality principle applied in democracy, this phenomenon is dangerous since not all people are intelligent enough to understand all proposed promises by candidates2.Another demerit of modern democracy is the huge appeal incurred. A handle of resources and time are used and foregone in electing governments and formulating laws democratically1. Elections waste a lot of money that could instead be used for economic constructive purposes. Elected politicians also waste a lot of public money in seminars and unnecessary retreats2.It is important to note that, despite democracy having a lot of demerits it has a lot of benefits compared to all other forms of governance ever tried so far. however in democracy can citizens be assured of essential human rights and freedoms. It is also the only form of government that citiz ens candetermine how and by how much to be ruled.Bibliography1. Gupta, Tusha. What are the advantages and disadvantages of democracy? Preserve articles, may 16, 2012, http//www.preservearticles.com/2012051632245/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-democracy.html. 2. Hearnes, James. The weaknesses of Democracy WordPress, July 18, 2012, http//jameshearne.wordpress.com/2012/07/18/the-weaknesses-of-democracy/View as multi-pages

Aristotle Paper- Distinguishing the Definition Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Paper- Distinguishing the definition EssayA definition is an account, and every account has parts, and part of the account stands to part of the thing in just the same way that the whole account stands to the whole thing (Aristotle 1034b20-22). This quote is how Aristotle defines a definition. So a definition is the statement of the centre of attention of something. Defining something consists of starting with a genus and then breaking it trim down into species. A genus is a kind of a thing.A species is a more specific kind of something that is in spite of appearance a genus. Aristotle notices that something arsenot be delimitate by its material components because each component can infinitely be broken down into more and more components(Aristotle 1035b9). Aristotle states the example- a circle can not be defined in terms of semicircles because semicircles would then have to be defined by quarter circles and so on, that a semicircle can be defined in terms of a c ircle because a circle is the simplest(Aristotle 1035b9).A genus is differentiated into species by dividing the genus into categories or certain types of the genus. Each of these categories or types within the genus be known as species. A species can also be a genus in that it too can be divided into specific categories or types. Those categories or types are also known as species, unless can also be genus because they can further be divided into species. This pattern can go on infinitely.A ball is a substance that can be categorize into each linguistic context of play that a ball is used on. So a ball can be categorized into something that is used to score on a soccer field, football field, baseball field, tennis court, basketball court, pool, and play course. Each of these fields uses a specific type of ball. A play course uses a golf ball. The definition of a golf ball is the ball that is used on a golf course. The essence of a golf ball is a ball.Work CitedMetaphysics. Tra ns. Hugh Tredennick. 2 vols. Loeb Classical Library 271, 287. Harvard U. -Press, 1933-35

Sex, Vampires and the Fascination with Bloodsucking Essay Example for Free

Sex, Vampires and the spell with parasitic EssayVampires have long fascinated the world, from their ability to change forms often times transforming into a bat, fog, or other creatures, and their charismatic and sexual nature which has non only seduced literature in Bram Stockers genus Dracula but has also been the outlet of the movie liberation audience in such films as the adjustment of Dracula in movies such as Blade, Monster Squad, Interview with a Vampire, and the series of Dracula films.The chase paper will explore this fascination with Dracula, and lamias in common, paying attention to not only the refreshed Dracula but the brinystream movie going audience as well as the subculture that exists of vampires. Two main themes of the vampire will be explored in this paper that of immortality, and of seduction. In the idea of forgetting whizs individualism the concept of a vampire is a great iconic figure by which to catalyst the manipulation of the double identity .It is with these two things that the vampire, as a literary character, a movie icon, and a subculture holds the interest of the general population. Body In Bram Stockers rendition of vampires in the character of computation Dracula there ar certain elements which have be get along part of the increasing myth and fascination of vampires. Stockers character was in truth enigmatic, however, this did not mean that John was not attracted to this riddle.The idea of stealing someones life force, and of the willingness at times that Dracula achieved this feat is part of the lure of the vampire, The lust that they portray on the movie screen, the char gladly greeting the vampires lips with her own, accordingly bending her head to the side so he can bunco game the tender flesh of her neck. What a marvelous image that seems, alluring us, and repelling us at the comparable time. Who among us can say for a moment that we did not find that fascination in the mystery of the vampires arms ? (Gottberg 2006).It is with Count Draculas charm that the readers bewilder intrigued by the vampire, and his ability to beckon his dupe while at the same time having to hold up to a code of ethics. These ethics are also part of the fascination and they are usually including the following characteristics and elements of a vampire only permitted to come into a house or dwelling after being requested to do so by the owner, only sucking note that is still warm from the phone line pumping through the life, having an allergic reaction to garlic, sunniness and anything saintly, ability to shape shift, extreme sexuality.It is with this last part that the true fascination with vampires hinges. The sexuality of the vampire is prone to a smooth tongue, charming people into getting what they, a type of bending of the will of the victim, and their immortality. particularly with this element of immortality, there seems to be a certain gift and curse involved with it because the vampire trades so much in order to gain immortality which is never being able to see sunlight again, and having to pass on on human or animal blood to survive.However, despite these gifts and/or curses, the in the original caption of Count Dracula as perceived by Bram Stocker, the Count is able to at once or so haunt the conscious mind of his victim John while at the same time enticing him to become part of the vampiric world. The ability of a vampire to bend a victims will, so much so that the victim becomes a willing participant in the bloodlust is how the mainstream media or movies, are cerebrate their plot outlines.Vampires are becoming a subculture which allows a person to be completely sexual, willing, and to crave blood while at the same time embracing their curse, as the fascination with vampires persist the heading becomes not why does a vampire need blood to stay alive, but there is a more interesting equation involving sucking someones life force which in fleck gives one th e ability to live forever (excluding certain circumstances involving exposure to UV rays, black lights, garlic, holy relics, and a stake through the heart).Thus, the fascination of mainstream movie going audience and the more intellectual practice of a book becomes not an intrigue into an occult but rather that more alluring of attributes of the vampire immortality. It seems that John in Dracula was not so much duped into becoming an occupant of the Counts castle, his slave, his blood supply, as he was wanting to learn the Counts trick of living by the status quo dying age.Thus, John realized that the Count needed blood in order to have his life, his charm, his intrigue, his health, and his strength, The blood is the life, or so it is tell in the vampire culture. Many cultures have included sacrifice, blood letting, and drinking of blood in their worship, so it is really no surprise that our fascination would continue. Even in biblical times blood was important for sealing coven ants and sacrifice. So impotent was the blood that perfection forbade it to be drunk. (Gottberg 2006).Not only in the aspect of immortality, of mans zest to cheat death at any cost, especially as the legend goes, to give his soul as a vampire is said to do (hence the aversion to anything holy) but there is a definite sexual drive in vampires that is that seen in Stockers Dracula. The view of the Count as he seduces Mary is one in which a man/vampire becomes a part of his victim, sucking her blood, allowing one of the most intimate parts of her to become a part of him, to in fact sustain his life.Thus, it is not sex alone that entices her to allow the Count to enter her through the neck, but it is the need, the primal need for life, that makes their relationship one of complete engrossment for her as well as the audience/reader, It is so many things. For many it is the ability to be so in full known by another, to be enraptured inside and out by one who could know every ounce of our being, know all we have ever done, and all we have ever thought, and still desire us more then anything.That was the mystery of Bram Stokers Dracula, a man who could listen to her deepest thoughts and travel the length of not only the world, but time itself to win her back. A woman who would stand by him, even against God himself. This is the true romance of the legend, the image that entices us beyond understanding. (Gottberg 2006). Conclusion It seems then that this paper has explored two main points of the fascination with vampires, or Count Dracula, that is immortality, and seduction. In these two elements the main stream culture of the movie going audience is enthralled as well as readers of Stockers work.These two main themes or characteristics of the vampire are what continually entice a person to read up on vampires, to watch movies, to hand into the darker realms of the subculture and to explore the idea of immortality, of sucking the life blood from a willing or eve n noncompliant victim and to become so intrinsically a part of someone to know their thoughts, to know their heart beat, to depend on them for true sustenance, that it is no wonder that there remains, after hundreds of years, this verdant image of a charming man or woman in a cloak, knocking on ones door asking permission to come in and to suck their blood.The idea of possession is a scrap on for the subculture of vampires just as it was for Count Dracula the kind of dependence on someone for a life force as well as the control the vampire has over their victim is what makes this subculture so fascinating and how it can attract the type of crowd that it attracts. Thus, the subculture of the vampire is not merely about parasitic but involves something quite animal and quite human about it it involves allowing someone to take control of one as well as force control on another person, the turn on then becomes power through possession.Although critics might argue that the vampire is a lonesome creature, cursed to walk the estate for eternity, living without a soul, but with the rise of this as a subculture and the popularity it has attracted over the years, it seems that vampirism is becoming more mainstream as more movies are made glamorizing the sex appeal of vampires and the fact that eternity is the natural attraction of this subculture and the junior are always attracted to maintaining their youth.The vampire victim is almost always willing.Work CitedGottberg, C. Why a Fascination with Vampires. 2006. Online. Retrieved 5 November 2007. http//www. associatedcontent. com/article/110969/why_a_fascination_of_vampires. html? page=3

Managing Orgnisation Essay Example for Free

Managing Orgnisation Essay validational culture can be summed up as a complex raiment of assumptions, beliefs, perceptions, symbols and quantifys that touch on how a confederation goes ab verboten doing business. Every face has its own unique culture or value set. Most organizations do not consciously try to create a certain culture as the culture of the organization is typically created automatically and unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization.How things ar said and done in a company reflects and shapes its organizational culture and can be seen in the following ways based on norms, critical incidents, rituals and significant symbols. Norms atomic number 18 a set of unwritten rules and guidelines that are standard for appropriate behaviour. Critical incidents are the events that occur in a company for example a manager pointed out a mistake in the boss work and got passed oer for a promotion. It shows that the company does not tolerate criticism. Based on this, other employees will learn from it and watch quiet even if their superiors made a mistake on their jobs.Rituals are the companys traditions and customs, which are known as rites. Each company has their own set of rituals and can be extremely un wish well from one another. A few examples will be the dress code, work pace, where to sit during meetings and recognition how achievements are awarded. A significant symbol is how the employees and customers describe the organization. This meat the language used to reflect the beliefs that are an unremarkable part of life for the organization. They are an indication of what values the company holds important.Based on the above understructure and explanation, we can derive that certain aspects of the culture can and cannot be managed. As said before, the top of the organization are the ones who set the goal and mission for the company. But based on the settings, different values and beliefs bran ches out as people have different perceptions and way of getting job done. Each culture is like a finger print and thither can be no same culture mingled with two unrelated organizations. The culture 1is one type of environmental influence which impacts the way people (employees) think, act tasks, andcommunicate/interact with each other.Harris (1994) said 2Work is done by people who make up an organization, not by the organization itself. Organizational culture is ultimately manifested, represented and maintained by sense-making efforts and actions of individuals. It means organisational culture will first manifest itself before having impact on individuals and in turns affect an organizations productivity, performance and their good points. In any kind of businesses, having a good culture is distinguish matter in sustaining a good organization and in return creating good working results. Creating a positive culture would be extremely difficult to implement.At a certain point of situation, there will be a need to manage the culture of the organization. This is when there is a change in the tops of the management the board of directors. It can also occur when there is a merge and passing play by another organization.

Find out the difference Essay Example for Free

Find reveal the variance EssayI am trying to find out the difference in flight time, of a weighted reputation chopper, on relation to a mint candy of no-count tack with equivalent down. Variables Things that could be investigated atomic number 18 Wing span which would effect the course resistance of the meat cleaver Mass attached to whirlybird Wing area Increase the mass of the helicopter by adding more paper clips which I bode would effect the account of which the helicopter would do. Measurement and different interpretation of these variables could be made for role model, increasing the measurement of mass then compare it with furrow resistance by measure a piece of depressed tact of similar mass. Hypothesis What I predict pull up stakes happen is, as the mass of the inexorable tact is increased the fastness in which it go acrosss will be increased too. Also I predict that as the mass of paperclips are added to the helicopter the faster it will issue forth. The reason and rejects stay at rest is beca enjoyment the devil military units on the object are equal. Things that effect the rate of which the paper clip fall are gravity and air resistance * If an object is released above the ground it falls, because it is attracted towards the earth. This motor of attraction is called gravity.As an object falls through air, it usually encounters some degree of air resistance. Air resistance is the prove of collisions of the objects leading surface with air molecules. The actual amount of air resistance encountered by the object is symbiotic upon a variety of factors. To keep the topic simple, it can be said that the two most commonalty factors, which have a direct effect upon the amount of air resistance, are the speed of the object and the cross-sectional area of the object. Increased speeds moment in an increased amount of air resistance.Increased cross-sectional areas result in an increased amount of air resistance. I think w hen theres more paperclips (when the helicopter is heavier) its time of fall would decrease. I think this will happen because the draw out pulling the helicopter down (weight/gravity pull) is larger when its heavier whereas air resistance is the same. The reason it will fall is due to gravity acting on the mass at nearly 10meters/sec. But the reason why the ball of blue tack and the helicopter will have varying flight times is due to air resistance.A way of increasing an objects rotational momentum is to put most of its mass as far from the substance of rotation as possible as this will maximise its speed and therefore give it more momentum. If a spinning object has more momentum when its mass is far from the centre of rotation, then it must require more qualification to earn such an object go the same speed as one with its mass in the centre of rotation. In the feeler ravels I decided I would use medium strength saccharify paper. The clock is to be started from the top of the ceiling at 2. 5metres and then stopped when the helicopter touches the underprice Method.You exigency to find out the comparison in flight time between the blue tack and the paper helicopter the helicopter excogitation, which should be used, is attached. Paper helicopter must be kept to the same design each time. First the paper helicopter should be weighed with the specified amount of paper clips on an electronic scale, then the weight should be recreated with a piece of blue tack rolled into a ball. The summit meeting of the drop should be stated, then the paper helicopter and blue tack should be dropped at key times while being timed with a stop watch and recorded. This should be repeated 3 times to make sure no mistakes occur.It is fair test because 1. Electric scales are used to make sure the measurement are as precise as possible. 2. The test is committed inside frankincense avoiding wind, which would effect the experiment. 3. It is repeated 3 time in order to make su re no anomalies occur. 4. The same height of which it is dropped will be kept. Some of the variables that can be changed are the weight and design of the helicopter but those will be kept the same by simply making sure true statement and care is performed. The clock is to be started from the top of the ceiling at 2. 5metres and then stopped when the helicopter touches the floor Risk Assessment.Well the experiment is fundamentally safe with the only danger being that of which you stand on to reach the desired height on to drop the helicopter and the ball. Diagrams Results Analysis The experiment was repeated so that we have 3 separate results for accuracy. What I found out was that although the mass are the same for two object this doesnt mean that they will have the same amount of flight time. This is due to the varying air resistance of the two objects. My results proved my hypothesis to be correct and I also found out was that the higher the mass on the helicopter the faster the helicopter span.As gravity pulls the helicopter down, air pushes up against the blades, bending them up. Because the blades are slanted slightly, some of that push becomes a sideways push. Because you have two blades that are pointed in opposite directions, the two opposing pushes of air cause the helicopter to spin. The rotation speed increases as the weight (paper clips) increases, but a point is reached where additional weight pulls down with such burden that the wings move upward and the plane falls like and falling object.Air resistance is relative to the falling bodys velocity squared. For an object to experience terminal velocity, air resistance must balance weight. An example that shows this phenomenon was the classic illustration of a rock and a feather being dropped simultaneously. In a nothingness with range in air resistance, these two objects will experience same acceleration. But this does not happen on Earth. Air resistance will equal weight more quickly for the feather than it would for the rock. The reason why the helicopter with most paper clips fell faster was due to Terminal Velocity.So a helicopter with more paperclips will experience a Terminal Velocity greater that a helicopter with slight paperclips. Trends that happened in the experiment include that as the mass increased on the helicopter the time to fall was shortened and with continued tests would equal out to the same flight time of the ball of blue tack, diminution the effect of air resistance drastically. The paper helicopter initially accelerates due to the haul of gravity, because the downward force due to his weight is the only force acting on him.Then it starts to experience frictional force of air resistance in the opposite direction. As the helicopter increases in speed eventually the force due to air resistance is equal to the force due to his weight. This means that the air resistant force is equal to the force due to the weight. This means that the resultant forc e acting on him is now zero and it continues to fall a constant speed called the terminal velocity. Conclusion What I found out was that as the mass increased on the helicopter the effect of resistance on the helicopter dropped on comparison to the blue tack ball.I found out that although two objects may be the same mass it depends on the other forces effecting it, and in this case it was air resistance acting upon it. The helicopter was better determine to stay in the air longer, but as the mass increased the wings were unable to open. military rating The results did fit into a clear pattern and are as expected, as the mass was increased the rate in wish it fell was faster and as you can see by the comparison of the blue tack it was getting close to the rate of the blue tack. For one example of a slight anomaly is in experiment 1 at the weight at 2.2g It seems out of place. The results seem reliable and catch a trend with minimal anomalies. Preliminary tests were completed and n o alterations were made, as the tests were a success. In the preliminary tests I decided I would use medium strength sugar paper. Some of the reasons that could have caused the anomalies are The accuracy of taking the timing could have been at fault The releasing of the helicopter Things that made the test unfair are Every time you put a paper clip, centre of gravity / centre of mass is different.What would have been better to get a precise reading to the falling would have been to use a laser trigger to set the stop clock off because for people to be get around second accurate it would be extremely difficult if not in possible. To extend my experiment I would like to drop the helicopters with greater masses on but be able to record the timing of them accurately.References 1. The essentials of AQA science Double Award Coordinated Physics 2. Key science by Jim Breithaupt Chris Sommers Page 1 10/05/2007.

Organisational Behavior Notes Essay Example for Free

boldnessal Behavior Notes EssayDefinition* The con warmheartednesse of clement deportment, attitudes and practiseance within systemal come inting to improve performance and differences. * Frameworks of theories, methods and dominions from disciplines such as psychology, sociology, political * The organisational icebergThe study of organisational de implyour embraces, therefore an chthonianstanding of* The reputation and purpose of the organisation* The human element and conduct of people* Business strategy, organisational butt wholenesss and the execution of work* The process of prudence as an integrating and co-ordinating activity* neighborly responsibilities and business ethics* The external environment of which the organisation is part of and* The need for organisation success and survival. The Pyschological skip* The PC is non a formal written document that is referred to but a people organisation traffichip where joint expectations and mirth of needs at omic number 18 implied.* Important to enhance the level of trust and teamwork.* inclineer-hearted capital to be seen as a responsibility and a resources to be added to* Two observations in human behaviour at work* Peter Principle* Parkinsons law../2The pyschological contract viable examples of man-to-man and organisational expectationsIndividuals expectations of the organisation* extend safe and hygienic working conditions.* Make every reasonable effort to provide melodic line auspices.* Attempt to provide ch whollyenging and satisfying jobs, and reduce alienate aspects of work. * Adopy equitable human resource management policicies and procedures. * Respect the role of trade union officials and staff representatives. * reflect fully with staff and allow genuine participation in decisions which affect them. * Implement best cause in equal opportunity policies and precedures. * Reward all staff fairly according to their contribution and performance. * Provide reasonable o pportunities for personal development and c beer progression. * Treat members of staff wit respect.* Demonstrate an understanding and kind attitude towageards personal problems of staff.Organisations Expectations of the Individual* Uphold the ideology of the organisation and the corporate image. * tap diligently in pursuit of organisational objectives. * Adhere to the rules, policicies and procedures of the organisation. * Respect the reasonable authority of senior members of staff. * Not to military issue advantage of goodwill surfacen by the management. * Be responsive to the leadership coterietle.* Demonstrate loyalty, respect confidentiality and not cheat positions of trust. * Maintain harmonious comparisonships with work colleagues. * Not to abuse organisational facilities such as email or earnings access. * Observe reasonable and acceptable standards of dress and appearance. * Show respect and consolidation to customers and suppliers. A pyshcological contract is not o nly measured in m acetary value or in ex win over of goods or services, it is in essence the ex castrate or sharing beliefs and determine, expectations and satisfactions. Mutuality is the base principle of the pyshcological contract and consensus or mutual understanding is the basis of mutuality.Ideally therefore self-interest should be balanced with crude interest in a win-win arrangement. In the past this unspoken contract might cede implied that employees could expect job security and adequate rewards from their employer in exchange for hard work and loyalty. Todays pyshological contract may be diametric, in line with a changed working environment that includes elements such as increased rationalism, technological changes, and management aproaches such as outsourcing. The new pyschological contract may revolve more around an employers willingness to dish out you in developing your skills to order to maintain your marketability.The Peter PrincipleThis is concerned with the s tudy of occupational incompetency and the study of hierarchies. In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to their level of incompetence. Employees competence in their postion be promoted and competence is each new position qualifies for promotion to the next highest posotion until a position of incompetence is reached. The principle is based on perceived incompetence in all levels of every hierarchy political, legal, educational and industrial and ways in whcih employees move upwards through a hierarchy and what happens to them after promotion.Peter suggests tow main means by which a person can load their promotion rate. Pull and publicize. * Pull is an employees relationship by blood, marriage and acqaintance with a person above the employee in the hierarchy. * herd is sometimes manifested by an abnormal interest in study, vocational training and self-improvement. In small hierarchies crowd may read a marginal effect in accelerating promotion in larger hierarchies the e ffect is minimal. Pull is therefore, likely to be more effective than Push.Parkinsons LawA major lark about of PL is that of the rising pyramid, that is Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. There is little, if any, relationship between the quantity of work to be done and the number of staff doing it. Underlying this tendency atomic number 18 two statements * An official wants to multiply subordinates, not rivals* Officials make work for each otherWhat is driving leaders organisations behaviour?* The continuous immenseness that consumers base on value of product and service. * The diverse workforce is overly an valuable factor that drives organisational behaviour. * Consumers expect that organisation understands their needs and produces top quality products at best price possible. These demands center leaders in a challenged situation by domestic and global markets and competition.What be organisational factors?* Organisational factors may be ide ntified as the organisational environment, structure design* Individual characteristics, group behaviour* Overall decision making* The change processes adopted by the organisationThe fast momentum in any industry high spots the enormousness of the leader to align the human resources with the organisational factors.Framing the Organisational behaviourOrganisational behaviour may be studied under the following main contributors* The environment* The one-on-one in the organisation* Group behaviour and interpersonal influence* Organisational processOrganisational environment is the external and internal environment, the legal and political constraints, economic, technological changes and development all adopt an fix on the decisions that atomic number 18 taken by the management. The individual is the foundation of the organisation performance. This should therefore highlight the importance of managing individual behaviour at any level of the organisation. There are 3 weighty inf luences that mould the individual behaviour.1. Individual characteristics2. Individual motivation3. RewardsGroup behaviourGroups may form either by choice by managerial decisions or form out of individual efforts. * Formal groups are groups that were intentionally created by managerial decisions * Informal groups are groups that form out of common interests and friendships that may welcome a negative or positive effect and therefore affect the organisation or individual performance. * Organisational processes are the communication, the decision making and the leadership elements that the organisation fosters as part of its civilisation and which in turn have an impact on the general performance of the individual and corporal behaviour.Factors of organisation processCommunication process is the ability of management to receive, transmit and act on entropy. The information integrates the internal activities with the external demand and information also integrates internally the a ctivities of the organisation.Decision making processDecisions by managers have a direct impact on the employees well being, the organisations resources and the design and implementation of rules in a organisation. This should illustrate the importance of managers to communicate, assess and analyse the feedback of decisions and practises in the organisation.Leadership processLeaders in an organisation may be managers and non- managers. The manager may not always be the leader, yet leadership skills contribute in attaining the set goals. Some people believe that leadership courses should vary according to the situation, other believe that one style of leadership is effective in most situations.Importance of effectiveness* Surviving in the environment* Organisation ages- it forms, develops, matures and declinesImportance of the Dimension of TimeQuality, productivity, efficiency, satisfaction, adaptiveness and development are 6 general categories of effectiveness criteria. Each of the categories have a time base, short run criteria 1 year, intermediate 5 years, long run are those for which the indefinite future is applicable. individualizedity Individual difference and work behaviour* Individual differences have a direct effect on behaviour because peole who perceive things differently behave differently. * Individual differences influence organisaitional behaviour and consequently, individual and organisaitional success.What is the ASA framework?This is the attraction- selection-attrition to careers and organisations. * Prospective employees are attracted to careers and organisations. * Organisations elect employees on the basis of the needs of the organisation. * Attrition occurs when individuals betray that they do not belong to the organisation. Studying individual differences at the work place is important since not addressing differences among employees may hinder from achieving organisation and personal goals.Understanding work behaviourInorder to fu lly understand where individual differences arise the personal environment also needs to be prone attention, weight and considered. heredity factors are also important.An effective management must* Observe and recognise the dufferences and* Study relationship between variables that influences individual behaviour.For discussion* What are the variables at work? * Give examples of work behaviour. Can you think of how these may be fostered on connected? The following variables impact employee productivity, creativity and performance extensively * Heredity factors and diversity* Abilities and skills* AttitudesHeredity factorsGender, race and ethnic background are all heredity factors, amiable and moral differences are also influenced by genetic inheritance and such factors mould each individual which in turn have a direct effect at work behaviour.1.a Diversity* Diversity refers to those attributes that make people different from another. Primary dimensions of diversity include age, ethicity, gender, pyshical attributes, race and sexual orientation. When an employee is harassed as a resukt of diversity, due to closing off they become less enthusiastic in their job. * Managing diversity therefore ensures that employees become top level contributors ill-temperedly in todays Abilities and Skills* power is a pessons talent to perform a mental or pyshical task. * Skill is a learned talent that a person has acquired to perform a task. * Ability tends to be stable over time while skill tends to change according to training and experience. adept needs ability to be a sales executive (appearance and manners are important) yet one may attain skills with years of experience in sales.* Mental ability therefore refers to the level of discussion including comprehension, indicative or deictive reasoning, body language, associative memory etc. * Tacit knowledge is the work related to practical know how of the employees acquired eitehr through observation or direct experie nce on the job. Emotional apprehension When you probe people to get to know them more * It is important that managers assess and attest abilities and skills snice no tally of leadership and motivation can make up for such deficiencies- job analysis therefore becomes important. * duty analysis is the process of defining and studying a job interms of tasks and behaviour and specifying responsibilities, education and training needes to perform a job therefore removes guess work when recruiting.AttitudesAttitudes are deteriments of behaviour because they are linked with learning, personaility, fdeelings, etc therfore has a certain amount of importance to the managers.Attitudes are* Learned* Define ones predeposition towards a given aspect or situation* Provide the emotional basis of ones interpersonal relations and identifications with other* Attitudes are close to the core of personaility* Some attitudes are persistent and enduring while others are liable to change over time. Cha nging attitudes at the workplaceHow can a manager change attitudes of his employees?The process depends on three main factors / contributors1. The Communicator2. The Message3. The SituationThe Communicator* If the communicator is trusted and the employees perceive the manager as having prestige, they are more likely to change their attitudes. Employees change because they try to identify with a liked communicator and tend to adopt attitudes and behaviour of the liked individual. * A manager with a low prestige is not show respect / trust by peers and superiors therefore more difficult to change attitudes of his team.The Message* Intentional and unplanned messages are delivered through verbal and no nverbal communication by managers. * The message delivered to employees has to be clear, understandable and convincing. * ontogenesis persuasive verbal and non verbal communication skills is essential to managers.The Situation* The managers success in delivering a change in attitude als o depends on the situation when the message is being delivered. * Distraction and pleasant surroundings are two factors that facilitate change in attitude (perks, performance allowance, training opportunities)Is job satisfaction an attitude?Job satisfaction results from the perception of the job itself and the degree which there is a good satisfy between the individual and the organisation Factors to consider* Pay not just the pay but the perceived fairness. * The work itself are job tasks considered interesting? Do they provide opportunities for learning and accepting further / high responsibilities? * Supervision technical competence and interpersonal skills of the immediate boss. * Co workers extent to which co workers are friendly, adapted and supportive.Advancement opportunities availability of opportunitiesWork conditions the physical work environment is comfortable and supportive of productivity. Job security it is reasonable expectation that ones position is secur e and contured employment within the organisation. Job relation in relation to Job performance on Effectiveness Are these 2 factors related or dependant on each other?* Attempts by management to satisfy employees may not mean higher performance while high performance may not mean that the employers are cheery at work. * Discuss the ripple effects of rewards, warnings, absenteeism, fair promotion etc. That these have on job performance in general. Effect on OCPersonalityPersonality refers to a relatively stable set of feelings and behaviour that have been significantly formed by genetic and environmental factors. * The manager attempting to understand his employees must give attention to the major forces that shape temperament. * Cultural forces, heredity, family, relationship and social class are all factors that mould record. How? * Culture society, institutes various pattern behaviour with the result that members of a culture have common personality characteristics. * Heredity varies from personality to another but are not constant since it is associated with values or ideals (temperament)* Family relationships the experience one has with his parents, grandmothers, other family members / life experiences. * Social class influences ones self perception, perception of others, of work, of authority of money factor. * Personality is therefore a product (a number of forces that together have attributed to shape the unique individual). Personality is interrelated with perception, attitudes, learning and motivation therefore analysis behaviour is incomplete unless personality is considered.Personality and Behaviour in OrganisationsThe big five Personality Dimensions is key in understanding organisational behaviour.1. extraversion (Open minded, sociable, etc)2. Emotional (Stability)3. Agreeableness (More open to people, challenges and change) 4. Conscientousness (to understand your peoples attraction) Other three major factors areLocus of controlThis relates to the extent to which employees believe that their behaviour will influence what happens to them. (Differing personalities of Internals Externals).Self efficacyPersonal beliefs of competencies and abilities. This has an impact on Org behaviour and decisions like selection, training programmes and goal setting and performance.CreativityThis is a personality trait that requires deviation from the normal thinking to produce new and useful ideas. (Think in an unconventional way). fleck a personality factor of the individual organisations play an important role to develop creativity at work by giving opportunities and freedom to think and come forward with new ideas. Reward fetching ideas and discuss failures positively to nourish creativity all round.The Importance of CultureNational Culture is the sum total of the beliefs, rituals, rules, customs, artefacts and institution that characterise the population. How organisational transactions are conducted is affected by nations culture and its subcultures. Values, customs and rituals of cultures do not simply appear. They are revolutionary and are influenced by politics, religion, language and pagan aspects.Managing in the 21st centuryFor effective management understanding different cultures and various organisational cultures is important in the 21st century. ../9../9Adaptation to new environment is becoming a common incident and although adaptation from one origin to another is always difficult, it can be better understood by learning about organisational culture.Organisational CultureOrganisational culture is the shared values, norms, beliefs and norms which influence the way employees think, feel and act towards others at heart and outside the organisation.OC gives unique identity to an organisationAlthough culture cannot be seen, it can be sensed and entangle through a persons attitudes, emotions and perceptions. The way we do things around here Deal and Kennedy 1982 The collective programming of the mind , Geert Hofstede 2001. Hostede identified four dimensions of culture power distance, uncenrtainty, avoidance, individualism and masculinity. Power distance is essentially used to categorise levels of inequity in organisations which Hofstede claims will depend upon managment style, willingness of subordinates to diasgree with superiors, and the educational level and status accruing to particular roles. Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which members of a society feel threatened by unusual situations. spunky uncertainty avoidance is said to be characteristic in France, Spain, Germany and many Latin American societies. individualization describes the relatively individualistic or collectivisit ethic evident in that particular society. The USA, France and Spain display high individualism. maleness refers to a continuum between masculine charactertistics such as assertiveness and competitiveness, and feminine traits such as caring, a stress upon the quality of life and conc ern with the environment.Can organisational culture be created by management?* Ann Cunliffe (2008) states that OC is important for 4 reasons*Slaps the image that the public has as an organisation* Influences organisational performance* Provide direction to the company* help oneself to attract and retain motivated staffCreating the desired OC may be difficult since imposing a particular culture may not be met with resistance. Why? Is disparity between what the management states as values and the reality with the employee an issue? What organisational factors may be attributed to the development of a desired OC? Communication is an organisational factor that is an important factor is developing and fostering an OC Why? Discuss with example?Communicating top pull down only leaves management out of touch from the real situation and may lead to a infract in culture that management wants to create another culture that actually develops. Uncover the levels of culturesArtefacts Visible organisational structures and processes (had to decipher). yearly report, newsletter, furnishings are examples of artefacts. Espoused Values Strategies, goals, philosophies (espoused justifications). Assumptions that tell individuals how to perceive, think and feel about work, human relationships and performance of colleagues. Basic vestigial assumptions Unconscious taken for granted beliefs, perceptions, thoughts and feelings (ultimate sources of values and actions). Summary with examples of Scheins three levels of culture* Surface revelation of culture most accessible forms which are visible and audible behaviour patterns and objects (observable culture, send a message) * Organisational values the accumulated beliefs held about how work hold be done and situations dealt with that guide employee behaviour ( be honest, be creative, work hard) * Basic assumption invisible perceptions, taken for granted understandings, held by individual with an organisation concerning behaviou r, the nature of reality and its relationship to its environment (stability, excellence, quality and responsibility).Where does OC come from?Values are the basic element that distinguishes one organisation from the other. Changing organisation structure and its process will mean a change in values and therefore a change in culture. Why? Discuss the difference on a change from tall hierarchy to a change in flat hierarchy.