Changing Your Social Class Essay

Social stratification is a ladder of positions with respect to economic construction which influences the social rewards to those in the positions (â€Å"Questions on Social Stratification†). With that, a person may belong to a specific class while being part of the whole society. Social class means the existence of sharing among the people of similar status with respect to wealth, power and prestige. For a layman’s understanding, social class refers to being rich or poor as regarded by the society. A concrete example of this is a situation wherein a person’s social class has changed overnight, where he suddenly becomes homeless. That situation happens to me, and I could say that at that particular moment, my life has changed drastically and dramatically. The privileges that I experienced when I am still rich were lost when I become suddenly homeless. In addition, my opportunities in life also changed when I become poor. While I am still in a higher social class, I do not need to work hard just to earn a living. At that time, I can hire people to work for me and help me to improve my life’s station. But when I become homeless, everything was altered such that I cannot even afford to pay all my basic commodities like food, shelter and clothing. For me, there is always shortage of food when I am already in the lower social class. My family is suffering so much since we need to share a little amount of food everyday. All we can do is to think of those times that we enjoy eating all the food that we want. Since I become homeless, seeking for a good shelter is a problem. I realized that living in the streets is possible. I learned to look for places where squatters stayed. Aside from that, my clothing materials are not enough to keep me warm all day. I need to ask help from those who have enough clothes and request for old but clean and usable clothing materials. With all these hardships that I encountered, people view me as living in extreme poverty. Moreover, the opportunity to work is limited since those people who knew me before no longer consider me as a friend. Yet, I tried hard to find a job just to earn a living. Although people view me recently as poor, I need to work hard and show to them that I am worthy for a decent living. I will work hard for me to rent a house for my family. While it is true that housing costs pose the biggest obstacle for low-wage workers, I also believe that there are realistic solutions to the lack of affordable housing. The government is the only hope for the poor people to help them have their own homes. What the government should do is to facilitate a housing project that offers an affordable housing loan to low-wage workers. The government may also provide homes for the homeless in such a way that presence of perennial squatters will be lessened.   In that way, those who are living in poverty will have the chance to work hard and pay for a simple yet decent home. As a worker, having a work system that does not offer benefits like overtime pay, retirement funds, and health insurance is not fair. The workers should be given good working conditions as they are considered the strength and backbone of the economy. Besides, the request for an increase of salary for workers is not the solution for lack of benefits. Both provision of benefits and increase of salary for workers is necessary things that a worker must have in the society. It is but fair for workers to receive compensation that could improve his station in life and escape from extreme poverty. Therefore, an increase of salary for workers could not redress the lack of benefits for them such that it is completely a separate problem. References Sociology Guide. (2006). Questions on Social Stratification. Retrieved November 11, 2008, from http://www.sociologyguide.com/questions/social-stratification.php.

Personal Exploration Worksheet Essay

1) Describe your assumptions, beliefs, and perceptions about members of this group. The men are allowed to have more than one wife. The women are to be submissive and obey the men without question. Their wardrobe consist of lots of fabric and the women are fully covered and never show skin or they will be thought as fast, promiscuous they still believe in arranged marriage. 2) When you think about working professionally with members of this group, are there traits, characteristics, or other issues about the group that you would be curious about, concerned about, or intimidated by? Why would understanding diversity issues be important to you as a human services worker? The thing I would most be curious about would be if they marry out of their race. I would be concerned to know if they feel threatened to live  in the united states do they feel as if they are discriminated against as much as in the time of fall of the 911 towers. I would be intimidated if a group spoke loudly in their language after I asked a question. I have to understand diversity issues to help, understand and communicate on a deeper level if not I will be of no help. 3) How could advanced knowledge of the group address concerns and assumptions? Advanced knowledge of this group addresses the assumptions and concerns that not all Arab/Muslim Americans thought or felt that the attacks on American were right or justified and many may feel they receive a bad reputation because of a small few, but they all receive the back lash of those events. 4) What kind of information, learning experiences, contact, and so forth would you need to increase your knowledge about this group? Reading their bibles would be one way of increasing my knowledge about Arab/Muslim Americans history beliefs and customs, sometimes getting to know who you are going to try to help and knowing their way of doing certain things will help me to better understand what makes a culture tick. Group 2: Latino(a) 1) Describe your assumptions, beliefs, and perceptions about members of this group. The members of this group of people are colorful, family oriented big partiers and heavy drinkers of tequila, always hosting a huge party always speaking loud, fast Spanish. Will work any job to provide for their family and loved ones. They dress their little girls in big frilly dresses and tennis shoes. 2) When you think about working professionally with members of this group, are there traits, characteristics, or other issues about the group that you would be curious about, concerned about, or intimidated by? Why would understanding diversity issues be important to you as a human services worker? I would be concerned about understanding what was being said due to  the fact that I do not speak any Spanish I would be worried that I would not be understood and I would not understand them and most of our time would be spent or wasted on the language barrier we would both have to learn first. 3) How could advanced knowledge of the group address concerns and assumptions? Addressing the concerns would be for me to learn to speak Spanish first of all I have to be able to communicate with my clients and be able to understand what is being said to me and for me to not only understand them but for me to be able to speak back and they understand me. My assumption would be that the do not already know English and everything would be just fine. 4) What kind of information, learning experiences, contact, and so forth would you need to increase your knowledge about this group? I would first have to learn the language I will be of no good giving ideas of help in my language if no one that I am speaking to can understand a word I am saying. I may have to hier a translator until I get more fluent in speaking Spanish Group 3: Native Americans 1) Describe your assumptions, beliefs, and perceptions about members of this group. They can make it rain with a rain dance. I remember being a little girl and playing with wooden nickels and watching a commercial about keeping America clean and at the end of the commercial there was an Indian that was shedding a tear because we had so much trash and pollution in America, the land that once was their own clean beautiful home. So in my mind they were only concerned with the land they once owned and nothing else. 2) When you think about working professionally with members of this group, are there traits, characteristics, or other issues about the group that you would be curious about, concerned about, or intimidated by? Why would understanding diversity issues be important to you as a human services worker? My only issue would be that I did not think it was any more Indians alive, so I would never feel as if I needed to learn anything about a population that no longer existed. Just getting to know them and starting to  take their traditions and culture as .a serious fact and not just the funny parts that I once joked about 3) How could advanced knowledge of the group address concerns and assumptions? Just because I do not see long black hair that is braided in two braids with two red strings at the bottom, does not mean I am not dealing with a Indian. I must get over my stereotype of Native Americans. I am sure the pure race has been mixed and it is less pure but any part of native American is just that. 4) What kind of information, learning experiences, contact, and so forth would you need to increase your knowledge about this group? Getting over my stereotype thinking, I will not know they are Native Amerian because I do not see them doing a rain dance in the woods as they walk around crying at the looks of once their land and shedding tears of sadness due to the condition our land is in. Group 4: Immigrants Describe your assumptions, beliefs, and perceptions about members of this group. They are people that have come to live permanently in a foreign country, they come to this country and are not made to pay taxes and they get a tax break to open stores for seven years, after their years are up another member of their family comes and the seven years starts over. 1) When you think about working professionally with members of this group, are there traits, characteristics, or other issues about the group that you would be curious about, concerned about, or intimidated by? Why would understanding diversity issues be important to you as a human services worker? I would be curious to see what makes the US cater to someone coming into this country, a country I have lived in all my life and as I work everyday and pay my taxes but I cant as easily get a lone or skip out on paying my taxes as they let immigrants do. It would be important to me to 2) How could advanced knowledge of the group address concerns and assumptions? I would not be so angry or maybe even jealous of the facts that I may have misconstrued. Things that we as a people do not understand many times make us angry until we dig in and understand that they are not as different from  us as what we once believed. 3) What kind of information, learning experiences, contact, and so forth would you need to increase your knowledge about this group? To increase my knowledge I would first have to set aside my bias feelings of feeling as if people that come to this country get a better treatment than I do being a legal born member of society. I will have to go in with a open mind and wipe out all the things I think I know and start as if I never even heard of immigrants in any negative way.

Organizational behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Organizational behaviour - Assignment Example It is a progression of sorts that keeps on happening. At Sony, this has meant that the company has understood its objectives and gone ahead with accepting them through the corridor of time and availability of resources at its end. Over the years, Sony has faced monumental losses in terms of finances and increasing competition from some of the bigger players in the technological business. Sony’s problems were broad and deep, which asked for a better understanding in terms of the change process which had to be brought in. The change that has essentially come in has accounted for a thinking amendment in terms of realizing that Sony existed as a powerhouse which is not the case anymore. Samsung and Apple – the two rivals of repute have usurped its market share which is simply an unacceptable awakening for Sony. The change process has therefore been negative for Sony more than anything else (Covin, 1999). What is needed now is a change that shall set things right, and that t oo within quantifiable proportions. Also the restructuring done within Sony amounted to heavy losses, which was another exercise in futility for the company. The profits which had poured in the recent years were not coming up like historical trends and the losses were immense. This has meant that Sony needs to change its course of action and that too within acceptable proportions. The determination to make change a success was destined for Sony, especially after Stringer wanted it to be implemented across the board. For this, he devised the policy of a central decision making authority for some of the key areas under Sony. Sony’s Electronics division was earmarked for this and Stringer decided to go ahead with it. He also played his role well within the development of the corporate culture which was deemed as an important entity (Heath, 1994). This was a change of sorts for the organization since the corporate culture decides the relevant course of action and highlights where the business can exceed the expectations that the stakeholders have of it. Since its products were top of the line and had made a name for their own selves over the years, it was only significant that Sony developed a corporate culture which could resonate well with the products that were being manufactured under its aegis. One should believe that these small incremental changes as well as the huge amendments are for the betterment of Sony at large. If a third party is appointed to oversee the change process, it will be able to fathom the kind of success that change shall eventually be able to bring in. The different types of change that Sony is planning for now are indeed focused on the right track and there is an effort to set things right. Also the incorporation of Stringer within the change methodologies is one that banks on trust and a will to do something inherently right. After evaluation of changes at Sony is done, one finds that these changes bank on the experience of Stri nger and how he wishes to take the company forward (Senior, 2006). Also his expectations from the people who matter the most within the organization is straightforward and depends on whether or not they would be able to manifest their truest selves when the need so arises. Fortunately, the need arises on a consistent basis which keeps everyone in the loop as far as change management and deployment avenues are concerned. One must not forget

Define empathy.Include what the text says Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Define empathy.Include what the text says - Essay Example The beginning of empathy is being aware of feelings of another person. It is easier to know about other people’s feelings by asking them how they feel, guessing, making personal judgments and interpreting of non-verbal clues. After figuring out about another person’s feelings, the next step is showing empathy through acknowledgement of the emotion (Adler, 2011). I have used empathy severally in my communication; however, I remember this particular instance that I did not use empathy. I was addressing a friend of mine who seemed to have difficulties adjusting to his new school because one of his new teachers was extremely hard on him. It was affecting him to the extent of not concentrating in his studies well. I remember passing through the same ordeal some time back, early in my education, but, with time I managed to adjust because I had a strong character. I did not refer this to my friend, and, hence, I did not seem to be of help to him. If I had mentioned that I had been in the same ordeal, my friend would have felt much better, and it would have helped him with his adjustment process. I once told my teacher that I did not finish his assignment in time because there was a power shortage in our area. The teacher came from my neighborhood, and I expected him to understand me since he was in the same situation. However, he rubbished my excuses and still punished me by asserting that he does not care whether there was power or not. I did not feel good about the experience since I expected him to empathize with my situation. Empathy is necessary in life as it enables others to feel well even when faced with difficult situations. When empathy is applied in people’s professional and personal lives, it ensures that there are noteworthy relations between people and that people faced with difficult situations are able to adjust

Walking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walking - Essay Example It is a well-known fact that walking has many advantages. It indicates that walking session of at least 30 minutes is essential for a good health if the person adopts an appropriate walking posture then he is at lower risk of cancer, heart disease, anxiety and depression . But, it is sad that in some part of the world particular in United States people are no more pedestrians. With emergence of modern cars people prefer to travel more their luxuries car rather than spending some time in walking on their foot. Walking also strengths your joints and bone .According to Zivot (185) it was reported that in United States that there was a drastic decrease in rates of mortality which was 39 percent for the individuals who adopted walking as their regular habit. By walking the life expectancy of such diabetic patients increased greater but it is distressing that people in USA still ignore this fact. There are some electronic devices due to which people gave up walking, these mobile devices in clude treadmills. There are increase rates of road accidents this also contributes in declining the number of pedestrians the number of pedestrians have declined to 30% in downtown Los Angeles since 1961. According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) Assaily.JP(258) the rates of pedestrian accidents have increased in United States hence safety of pedestrian has become a burning issues these days. One of the reports of NHTSA showed that annually 4,100 pedestrians die in road accidents after every one or two hours, various rules should be formulated in order to provide safety to the pedestrians like designing zebra crossing and placing signals everywhere especially on all the busy roads like enforcing laws to limit. However, it is responsibility of pedestrians to take some protective measure too like they should pay full attention to roads while crossing it instead of being busy on a call as it diverts their

Staff recruitment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Staff recruitment - Essay Example (2) The employer will give an employee a minimum of two weeks'notice of the date of commencement of duty. one month ofcommencing employment. Junior Employees Liberty is reserved to both parties to apply to make provisions for junior employees. Part-Time Employees 9. - PART TIME EMPLOYEES (1) Part-time employees may be employed on a regular basis for less total hours or weeks in a year than full-time employees but for not less than 3 hours on each day and shall be paid for each hour worked in proportion to the rate of wage prescribed in Clause 5. Hours 10. - HOURS (1) The ordinary hours of duty shall be: (a) Thirty eight hours per week or; (b) An average of 38 hours per week with hours actually worked being 40 hours per week or 80 hours per fortnight; (2) The ordinary hours of duty shall be worked in five days of not more than 8 hours (excluding a meal break) between the hours of 6.00am and 6.00pm. Provided that the ordinary hours of work performed on any day of late night trading may be worked between 6.00am and 9.00pm. Provided further that the aforementioned spread of hours may be varied by mutual agreement between the employer and employee. 24. - HOURS (1) The ordinary working hours of work shall not exceed 40 in any one week, or eight in any one day, Monday to Friday inclusive. Such hours to be consecutive except for the meal break. (2) In any week in which a public holiday or the day in lieu is observed falls between Monday to Friday inclusive, the ordinary hours of work for that week shall be 32 hours, and in any week in which two public holidays or the days in lieu are observed fall between Monday to Friday inclusive,... (1) Part-time employees may be employed on a regular basis for less total hours or weeks in a year than full-time employees but for not less than 3 hours on each day and shall be paid for each hour worked in proportion to the rate of wage prescribed in Clause 5. (2) The ordinary hours of duty shall be worked in five days of not more than 8 hours (excluding a meal break) between the hours of 6.00am and 6.00pm. Provided that the ordinary hours of work performed on any day of late night trading may be worked between 6.00am and 9.00pm. Provided further that the aforementioned spread of hours may be varied by mutual agreement between the employer and employee. (2) In any week in which a public holiday or the day in lieu is observed falls between Monday to Friday inclusive, the ordinary hours of work for that week shall be 32 hours, and in any week in which two public holidays or the days in lieu are observed fall between Monday to Friday inclusive, the ordinary hours of work for that week shall be 24 hours. (3) The ordinary starting time shall not be earlier than 5.30 a.m. and the ordinary finishing time shall not be later than 4.30 p.m. Monday to Friday inclusive, or as otherwise agreed between the parties hereto. (2) All time worked in excess of ordinary hours on a Saturday before 12.00 noon shall be paid for at the rate of time and one half f

Chinese literature response 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chinese literature response 2 - Essay Example And still it turns out to be a psychological novel that can marvel any European novels of that time .The advantage of the novel in traditional Chinese literature was that, it only held a peripheral position in the literary system. Thus novelists could explore new themes with more freedom, from which the orthodox modes of writing shied away. â€Å"The story of the Stone† is a typical example of a novel exploring poetically the unorthodox themes, of romantic, passionate love and emotions in the Chinese classical literature. In its opening itself the novel introduces the main theme of passionate love. It begins by telling the reader about a magical stone that can move by its own, change size and can even talk. It was cast off from the heavens by the Goddess Nu-Wa who was repairing the sky with stones. This particular stone was the only excess one left when she finished her work. The stone had magical qualities because it had been touched by a Goddess. The magical stone was distained to be incarnated into a human being. As the stone waits for its future destiny, near a pond it falls in love with a flower. The theme of love is thus introduced at the very beginning of the novel. The stone gets incarnated as the minor noble man Jia Bao-yu of the influential Jia family, a cultured wealthy family in early Qing dynasty China. The flower gets incarnated as Lin Dai –yu who is related to the Jia family but is a commoner. The novel centers around these two teenagers, who though unaware of their heavenly ori gins, try to come to grips with the human destiny on earth through very ordinary daily events in their lives. The caricature of Jin-Bao-yu is interesting and unique. He is the heir to the family. He is handsome, but very impertinent. The heir of the family should get very high education and pass the civil service examinations. But he is a spoilt boy, spoiled by his grand mother. While all boys of his age study, he spends time in the women’s quarters enjoying the

External and Internal Environment Audit of Stenders Essay - 1

External and Internal Environment Audit of Stenders - Essay Example The paper tells that the management of the Stenders has decided to enter the UK market. They are eyeing to open franchisee retail stores in London considering the prospect of the market. The social demand for body and face cosmetics and beauty products is increasing significantly in London. Moreover, a favourable technological environment will help the management of the organization to enhance its manufacturing, distribution, selling and promotional practices. Availability of skilled and low-cost suppliers and supply chain option can influence the management to develop and implement unique strategies in business operation process. recent financial crisis and economic environment affected the purchasing power of people. Therefore, it can affect the overall business output of Stenders in London. Apart from this, too much intense market competition can make it difficult to develop potential customer base initially. Strict employment and environmental regulations and legal policies can b e considered as significant external challenges for the organization. Moreover, the intense market competition and strict entry lawsuits can help the management of Stenders to face a limited threat of new entrants. Huge market competition and availability of differentiated and substitute products can increase the threat of bargaining power of the consumers. Stenders has both internal strengths as well as weaknesses. Strong brand name, high customer loyalty, potential customer base across the globe and significant international business diversification strategy can be considered as the major internal strengths of the organization. Affective product differentiation strategy and strong financial also can be considered as one of the important strengths of the organization. Apart from this, the organization has developed the decentralized decision-making model that enhance efficient and quick strategy development and decision-making process.

Companies engage in CSR because, for a number of reasons, they think Essay

Companies engage in CSR because, for a number of reasons, they think it will be good for their profit margins Critically d - Essay Example A multitude of definition of CSR exist, and the range of views on the proper scope and extent of a firm’s social responsibilities, as well. Whether CSR is about companies giving charities, taking care of the environment, being sympathetic to workers or assisting their communities with expectations of financial gains remain a controversial subject (Bacher, 2007, p 12) The right definition of corporate social responsibility becomes more difficult when real business examples are taken into consideration. For instance, was Google acting in a publicly accountable manner when it put up with the Chinese law by sieving the content found through its google .cn search engine? Was UBS Bank acting socially responsible by opting to spend investors’ money to willingly reduce its carbon emission to attend to global warming when there is no legal duty to so. Does Heineken beer firm offer costly HIV/AIDS medication to its African workers and their beneficiaries if this is not anticipate d to bring financial gain to the company? In order to address these questions, it is essential to examine why firms go beyond the bottom line in an attempt to defend their CSR (Adams & Zutshi, 2004, p 32). A possible definition of CSR holds that the idea of social responsibilities presumes that the company has not only economic and lawful obligations, but also definite duties to the community, which go beyond these duties. Another explanation states that social responsibility is the duty of decision makers to take actions that guard and enhance the wellbeing of society as a whole along with their own interests. CSR is also taken to mean the continuing commitment by businesses to act ethically and contribute to economic development whilst enhancing the quality of life of the employees and their relations, the local community and the wider society, as well. Several elements found in various definitions suggest that corporations have duties that go beyond their bottom line (that, is, p roduction of goods and services at a gain). These duties entail helping unravel significant social problems, which the business itself has helped create (Adams, 2008, p 366). Companies have a wider constituency than shareholders only. Organizations serve a broader assortment of human values than can be captured by a sole focus on economic values. Narrower points of view on CSR hold that businesses have two main responsibilities. One is to abide by the elementary canons of each day face to face civility and to seek material gain. The second duty is the fiduciary obligation to investors (owners) is the bedrock of capitalism, and free enterprise will dry up without it. As such, definitions of CSR fall under two broad schools of thought: those with the view that business is mandated only to make profits within the boundaries of minimal ethical and legal compliance. The other school of thought holds that CSR entails broader responsibilities. Numerous factors and influences have resulted in mounting attention being devoted to the role of businesses and corporate social responsibility. They comprise of sustainable development, globalization, corporate sector impact, governance, finance, communications, ethics, leadership, business tool and consistency

Slavery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Slavery - Essay Example Freedom was the greatest development more so because during the civil war, the rights of the African Americans were greatly infringed. They were used for the war and were viewed as disposable people. This was a great disadvantage as their families were not taken care of. The men were front lined during the war and this led to many deaths of the African Americans during the Civil war. After the civil war, slavery was abolished and people could now get employed. Others were given land for relocation and they started up their own small scale farming. This is seen to have led to creation of institutions such as schools, churches and even African American magazines such as the Freedom’s Journal. These institutions became the basis for equality another great step in the History of the United States. Industrialization was another great development that arose from the Civil War and colonial period. When slavery was abolished, the farmers in the big plantations in the South still required labor. In the North, many industries were growing from manufacturing industries to banks among others. Industrialization in my opinion allowed blacks to implement their skills efficiently and to earn a living from it. Although it was difficult to start up because racism was not yet at a halt, it ensured that some if not most of their rights were protected. They could also vote and work for pay which enabled them to choose their leaders. On an overall in the present, if this hadn’t happened, the United States would never have achieved equality to the point of choosing an African American president. Industrialization though many may say was full of monopolies, still ensured that many grew their societies and their families. Though the African Americans mostly received bad treatment and less pay even with freedom, it was on the other hand much better than slavery in itself. Industrialization is what led the United States to be the super power it is today

Breakfast Eating Habits - UK - April 2014 Report by Researchmoz Essay Example for Free

Breakfast Eating Habits UK April 2014 Report by Researchmoz Essay

Tetra Packs Essay Example for Free

Tetra Packs Essay Selling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging cost Selling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging cost Selling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging costSelling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of packaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled. Similarly, plastic packets involve lesser costs and vending machines in itself have no packaging costSelling of milk,first in glass bottles,then in packets ,then tetra packs and vending machines indicates how over the years the means of packaging have changed. This is done so as to reduce costs or improve the goodwill by innovating the mode of pac kaging. For instance, tetra pack keeps the milk safe for months and is made of paper and can be recycled.

The Value Of Reducing Carbon Footprints Environmental Sciences Essay

The Value Of Reducing Carbon Footprints Environmental Sciences Essay This report examines the concept and value of measuring and reducing a business or product carbon footprint as well some renewable energy systems available, that could contribute to Carbon reduction and energy efficiency. Guides and legislation already exist. In anticipation of future developments, regarding sustainable practices and strict mandatory requirements for organizations and businesses, it is important to take action. Finally, several renewable energy systems are presented and evaluated with recommendations for the companys building. Introduction  ­ The last three decades the detrimental human impact on the environment became the subject of extensive study. Today it is internationally acknowledged that the extensive use of fossil fuel and overexploitation of earths resources has led us into an environmental crisis. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions produced by the burning of fossil fuel are the most threatening factor to Climate Change (IPCC, 2007). The international commitments concerning carbon reduction emissions, at the recent Climate Change Summit in December 2009, show the need for quick and effective measures. To meet this challenge the industry and commerce sectors must also take action. Today the quantification and makeup of GHG emissions is expressed by the term Carbon Footprint. This report analyses the composition of a businesss Carbon Footprint in relation to its activities, products and properties. Moreover, its explained why this course of action is necessary and how it could benefit the whole business and its production process. Finally, some of the most typical renewable energy technologies are examined and suggested for the companys office premises located in Athens Greece. The definition of carbon footprint. Throughout time there were many attempts to define what a carbon footprint is. Nowadays, the definition of Wiedmann and Minx (2007, p.4) is what is widely accepted: The carbon footprint is a measure of the exclusive total amount of carbon dioxide emissions that is directly and indirectly caused by an activity or is accumulated over the life stages of a product. This includes of individuals, populations, governments, companies, organizations, processes, industry sectors etc. Products include goods and services. In any case all direct (on-site, internal) and indirect emissions (off-site, external, embodied, upstream, downstream) need to be taken into account. The above reference to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions includes all six Kyoto Protocol (1997, Annex A) Green House Gases (GHGs). These gases, besides Carbon Dioxide, (CO2) are Methane (CH4), Nitrous Oxide (N2O), Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). They are all aggregated and quantified in tonnages of CO2 equivalent (CO2e). The conversion is based in each gass Global Warming Potential (GWP) over a period of 100 years. The GWP is defined as the relative impact of a GHG compared to Carbon Dioxide (CO2) over a given period of time. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) in its 3rd Assessment Report (2001) provides the values as well as the calculation method. Carbon Footprint for business, companies and organizations. There are two types of Carbon Footprint for a business or an organization. Organizational carbon footprint Product carbon footprint Organizational carbon footprint The Organizational carbon footprint is made up from all direct and indirect GHG emissions caused by the organizations activities (Carbon Trust, 2010).According to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol the direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions are divided into three scopes (categories) (WBCSD WRI, 2004). Scope 1: Direct greenhouse gas emissions These are emissions created by the organizations assets and production processes e.g. on site fuel use for production process, vehicle use for transportation of employees, materials, products and waste, refrigerant loses, oil and fuel leakages, physical or chemical processing etc. Generally, emissions resulting from the organizations activities. Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions Emissions created by the use of electricity, heat and steam purchased for in premises use of the company or organization. (The energy suppliers emissions). Scope 3: Indirect GHG emissions other than the Scope 2 category Emissions created from activities needed for the company to function but not made buy the company or organization itself. Extraction and transportation of raw material from suppliers, commuting of employees, transportation of fuel for use, recycling, waste transfer and disposal are examples of what is included in this category. Generally any product or service purchased by the company necessary for its production process except from electricity and heat (scope 2). Product carbon footprint The product (goods or services) carbon footprint is made up from the emissions of its life cycle. This includes all the emissions generated from the extraction of raw materials, manufacturing or service provision, use, reuse and finally its recycling and disposal as waste. Those emissions are generated similarly like the organizational carbon footprint by the use of energy, fuel combustion for manufacturing and transportation, and losses and leakages that emit directly to the environment like refrigerants, gases (methane) etc (Carbon Trust, 2011). Caution is necessary when calculations of both the organizational and product carbon footprint are made so as to not undercount or over count its quantity due to the complexity of these calculations. The necessity of carbon footprint calculation and reduction. There are many reasons why a business or organization should develop a management system for the reduction of its carbon footprint. As mentioned above there are two types of carbon footprint organizational and product (goods and/or services) Its noteworthy that the calculation of either or both footprints sets a reference point for the comparison and evaluation of progress made (Carbon Trust, 2010). Organizational carbon footprint reductions The organizational carbon management and reduction will lighten the environmental burden of a businesss activities. Uncontrolled anthropogenic GHG emissions from usage of fossil fuel, deforestation, manufacturing, industrial procedures (steel, iron, cement production) and other activities thicken the greenhouse gas layer. This layer traps more re-radiated solar energy from the earths surface into the lowest atmospheric layer the Troposphere. This results to global warming (Denman K.L et al, 2007). Furthermore the quantification of the carbon footprint helps managers and employees to recognize the areas which have the greatest potential for further reductions and cost savings over time (Carbon Trust, 2010) . Another major reason is to report the reductions to third parties concerned with GHG emissions. According to the Carbon Trust Carbon Footprinting guide (2010), this should be done in order to: Display social conscientiousness or for marketing purposes Answer requests of businesses, customers, investors for carbon emission data Show compliance with mandatory climate change legislation such as the Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) (2010) or European Union (EU) Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) (2008) Provide information by the companys participation to initiatives that have a purpose to help organizations, investors, governments, consultants, academics and generally anyone concerned, develop energy and emission policies, reduce their carbon footprint and make research. An example is the Carbon Disclosure Project CDP (2001). To enforce a carbon reduction strategy or purchase or sell carbon offsets. Carbon Offset transactions are made based on the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol (1997). Product carbon footprint reductions Many of the benefits from the reduction of the product carbon footprint result from the way these reductions take place. In order to reduce its products carbon footprint, the company should monitor and try to make changes to its whole manufacturing process. Emissions come from the whole life cycle of the product. Thus, reductions should be made in every stage of this cycle, to every input and output. Correct selection of materials and suppliers, product design and manufacturing and decreased energy consumption, are all key contributors to effective carbon management. As a result, aside from environmental benefits and reduced costs, the organization will ultimately drive change to the whole supply chain. Furthermore, develop better relationship with its suppliers and help them identify and reduce their own inefficiencies (Carbon Trust, 2010) There are also advantages for the market and public image of an organization. Public conscience and awareness about environmental friendly practices and sustainability has grown notably the past two decades. The reduction of a products carbon footprint can enhance a brand name and attract more customers and shareholders (Carbon Trust, 2010). This is a result of the differentiation from other products, which have not yet developed carbon management programs or have bigger footprints. Current common practice and approach to calculation, reduction and publication of carbon data is by the use of the GHG Protocol and Publicly available specification (PAS) 2050 for organizations and products respectively. Independent validations and certificates for greenhouse gas emissions denote transparency of the organization, could attract interest and provide reassurance to stakeholders. Continuous progress is necessary for both the organizational and product carbon footprint in anticipation of future (and stricter) legislation and tougher competition. The companys carbon footprint. An indication of the companys carbon footprint in Athens Greece, can be given by the annual energy consumption of its building. In 2010 the energy consumption of natural gas and electricity was 225230kWh and 379125kWh respectively. The Greek Regulation of Building Energy Performance in table B.1 (2010, p.5336) gives values of 0,989kgCO2/kWh for electricity and 0.196kgCO2/kWh for natural gas. This means, that approximately 419 tones of CO2 per year are produced by the companys office premises alone. Renewable energy technologies Renewable energy comes from natural sources abundant in our environment. Solar, wind, rain, waves, heat from earth and newly produced organic material are all used to provide zero carbon energy. The most common applications are passive solar designs, solar photovoltaic (PV), solar thermal, biomass heating, ground source heating and wind power generation. Other Low Carbon technologies such as absorption cooling and combined heat and power (CHP) can also be incorporated with the use of this technology. Considerations should be made relative to different building types and locations as well as costs. Passive solar designs use the buildings design and structure (orientation, design, shading, window glazing and thermal insulation) to store or deduct heat and provide ventilation. The basic concept is to optimize the direct use of the energy available from the buildings environment. Although best suited for new buildings, existing could use some of its concepts. The benefits from such an application include better working environments, less temperature fluctuation, natural air ventilation and less dependence and use of mechanical means for heating and lighting. This results to, increased productivity, low maintenance, higher asset value, lower energy bills and emissions (SEEDA). Photovoltaic systems, convert solar radiation to electricity. The systems consist of a set of PV cell panels, inverters and wiring. PV cells are made from semiconductor material abundant in earth like silicon. The panels can be installed in either the roof and/or sides of a building, or directly on the land. The effectiveness and efficiency of such an application depends a lot from the available area, its orientation as well as from the shading of neighboring buildings and other obstacles. They have low maintenance requirements, long warranties and even longer life expectancy. Still they have high initial capital costs. These systems are mostly recommended when correct conditions like lighting, orientation and available area exist and/or grants from governments. It is anticipated that soon these systems will be highly competitive due to fuel price increments and continuous evolution and optimization of the technology (SEEDA). For a 750Kwh /year system prices average at  £6000 minus any grants and tax returns that may exist. Solar thermal water heating, is a system, installed on roofs, that collects the suns radiation to heat a non corrosive (antifreeze and water mixture) liquid. This liquid runs through a coil in a water cylinder and transfers its heat to the water (Menzies, G.F, 2009) The Carbon Trust (2005) reports that approximately 60 % of hot water demand could be covered by solar water heating. Its considered one of the most effective and cheap solutions for carbon reduction and cost savings. Menzies (2009) reports 1-3% carbon reductions for commercial applications sized to cover 50% of hot water demand. Biomass heating, uses boilers that burn organic material from plant and animal matter to produce heat, fuel or electricity. The system typically consists of a furnace with piping that transfers heat for space or water. It is considered as carbon neutral because the CO2 and CH4 are part of the active carbon cycle (accumulated from plants and animals recently and now put back in nature, unlike the carbon emitted from the burning of fossil fuel which was out of the system for millions of years)( Menzies, G.F 2009). Biomass Boiler fuel comes cheaper than electricity, oil, LPG heating (Menzies, G.F, 2009). More so, flexibility to convert to heat, fuel or electricity is also a plus. Still, high initial costs, space requirements for fuel storage and availability of suppliers should be carefully considered. Its typically best for businesses with organic byproduct material as result of their industrial process and/or for longer hours of operation than usual. Payback periods usually range from 3 to 9 years depending on the replaced system ( Carbon Trust, 2011) Ground Source heat pumps, use the relatively constant underground temperature, for space and water heating purposes. These systems are not considered carbon neutral (but low carbon) because, pumps use electricity or gas to convert the gathered low level heat to useable high-grade. Still carbon reductions could be substantial for non domestic applications especially if used for the whole heating demands. Carbon reductions of 14%-27% and 16%-23% have been reported for new build and retrofit applications respectively though, 100% demand coverage may be impossible for large buildings (Menzies, G.F, 2009). One the downside these systems have high initial capital costs for installation or retrofitting. Generally, they difficult to apply because of the required ground surveying, long piping, large collectors and empty space (Carbon Trust, 2005). Wind power generation, comes from the conversion of wind energy to electricity or kinetic energy (wind mills, water pumps) through wind turbines (Menzies, G.F, 2009). They come in varying sizes to suit energy demands. The viability of this option depends largely on wind speed, direction, as well as sufficient wind data and lack of obstacles. Noise and vibration should also be taken in consideration (SEEDA). For roof applications there could be prohibiting building regulations or planning permissions needed (Carbon Trust, 2005). Their initial cost as well as the high probability of obstacles (e.g. neighboring buildings) and unpredictable wind patterns, of most urban locations makes the investment unsuitable for most buildings. On the contrary, well chosen sites with sufficient meteorological data could be highly energy efficient and lucrative plus enhance the company profile. Application to the companys buildings in Greece. The Greek Ministry of Environment Energy and Climate Change (MEECC) (2009), reports that Buildings in Greece are responsible for 36% of the domestic energy use. This waste of energy happens, due the lack of use of modern technologies, the old age of most buildings and the lack of legislation concerning insulation standards (up until recently). Moreover, electricity in Greece is the most carbon intensive energy, produced mainly by coal and lignite. This means, that by saving electricity or using an alternative energy source (renewable or other fossil fuel such as natural gas), has the greatest potential for CO2 emissions reduction. Furthermore, extensive sunshine periods make the use of solar energy a very efficient sustainable practice. The companys offices in Athens Greece (3600m2, 95 employees) are considered a mix of a naturally ventilated open plan and air-conditioned standard type (Action Energy, 2003). An investment for a 40kWp solar PV system as well as a solar hot water system of 8m2 (500lt) would result to emission reductions of approximately 15% (Appendix). These, combined by passive solar upgrades (insulation, window glazing, sunshades) could achieve an even greater reduction of CO2 emissions. Overall the use of renewable energy sources, will upgrade the energy performance certificate of the companys building, enhance its public image, asset value and reduce costs (after the investment payback period). Conclusions As outlined above, sustainable practices are not only an obligation towards our environment and future generations. The incorporation of carbon management systems and renewable energy sources is actually an investment which will yield profits for all areas of the production and commercial process. Furthermore, this course of action is anticipated to be adopted generally and enforced legally. Thus, it is clear that its in a businesss interest to develop sustainable low carbon development strategies and policies as soon as possible. List of references Action Energy, (2003) Energy Consumption Guide 19 Energy use in offices. Revised Edition. London: Carbon Trust [ available at http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/Publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=ECG01 9 ][viewed on 20/02/2011]. Carbon Trust, (2005) New and Renewable Energy Fact Sheet (GIL137). London: Carbon Trust [available at: http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/Publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx?id=GIL137 ] [accessed on 17/02/2011]. Carbon Trust (2010) Carbon footprinting The next step to reducing your emissions (CTV043). London: Carbon Trust [available at: http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/pages/publicationdetail.aspx%3fid%3dCTV043 ] [viewed on 12/02/2011]. Carbon Trust (2011) Carbon footprinting http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/cut-carbon-reduce-costs/calculate/carbon-footprinting/pages/carbon-footprinting.aspx [accessed on 12th February 2011]. Carbon Trust (2011) Renewables http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/cut-carbon-reduce-costs/products-services/technology-advice/renewables/Pages/renewables.aspx [accessed on 28/02/2011]. Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) (1986) Estimation of Plant Capacity, Section A9 of the CIBSE guide. CIBSE, London. Denman, K.L., G. Brasseur, A. Chidthaisong, P. Ciais, P.M. Cox, R.E. Dickinson, D. Hauglustaine, C. Heinze, E. Holland, D. Jacob, U. Lohmann, S Ramachandran, P.L. da Silva Dias, S.C. Wofsy and X. Zhang, 2007: Couplings Between Changes in the Climate System and Biogeochemistry. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA [available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch7.html] [accessed on 15/01/2011]. Greece. (2009), Ministry of Environment, Energy and Climate Change. ÃŽÂ  Ãƒ Ã‚ Ãƒ Ã…’ÃŽÂ ³Ãƒ Ã‚ ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ± Ά¢ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¾ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½Ãƒ Ã…’ÃŽÂ ¼ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ·Ãƒ Ã†â€™ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ · ÃŽÅ ¡ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±Ãƒ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ ÃŽÅ ¸ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ºÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¿ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ (Energy Savings Program for Buildings). http://www.ypeka.gr/Default.aspx?tabid=526locale=el-GRlanguage=en-US [accessed on 20/02/2011]. Greece. Government Newspaper of the Hellenic Republic. 2nd issue, paper no 407, 9 April 2010. Regulation of building energy performance, Athens (GR): National Printing Establishment, pp.5333-5356, [available at http://portal.tee.gr/portal/page/portal/TEE_HOME/D6-5825%20KENAK-FEK%20407-B-2010.pdf ] [accessed on 25/02/2011]. Greece. Government Newspaper of the Hellenic Republic. 1st issue, paper no 85, 4 June 2010. Regulation of building energy performance, Athens (GR): National Printing Establishment, pp.1753-1780, [available at http://www.cres.gr/kape/neos%20nomos%20RES_N3851_2010.pdf ] [accessed on 25/02/2011]. Wiedmann, T. and Minx, J. (2007, p.4), A Definition of Carbon Footprint. Durham (UK): ISAUK Research Consulting [available at: http://www.censa.org.uk/docs/ISA-UK_Report_07-01_carbon_footprint.pdf ] [viewed on 11/02/2011]. Menzies, G.F, (2009, pp. 127-147) Sustainable Practices in Facilities Management [D31SF]. Revised Edition. Riccarton Edinburgh: Herriot Watt University: School of the built environment World Resources Institute (WRI) World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), (2004) The Greenhouse Gas Protocol A corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard. Revised Edition. USA: WRI and WBCSD [available at http://www.ghgprotocol.org/files/ghg-protocol-revised.pdf] [accessed on 14/02/2011].

Three Threats to the Sustainability of Forests Essay -- Deforestation E

When speaking about the sustainability of forests, sustainability itself must first be defined. The concept of sustainability is not easily defined in a single sentence or even in several sentences. As quoted by Steve Nix (n.d.), the British Columbia Forest Service defines sustainability as the integration of 3 elements, the environment, the economy and the social system, into a single system that can be maintained in a healthy state indefinitely. To achieve and maintain this delicate balance, many different factors within those 3 elements are required to work together in unison. With so many factors working toward creating a balance there would ultimately be factors working against and threatening the balance of sustainability. The temperate forest biome is home to most of the world’s industrialized nations including the United States, Canada, China and Russia. In this biome, there are three main threats to the sustainability of forests: overuse, pollution and the sustained u se of traditional methods. As with many elements in nature, these three threats are both significant individually and also interconnected. In the modern industrial age, everything is about making a profit. Manufacturers of consumer products strive to maximize their production of products at the same time reduce the cost of production. Because most of the world’s industrialized nations are populated in the temperate mixed forest biome, the actions of these manufacturers directly impact and threat the sustainability of forests on a much larger scale than most other parts of the world. Manufacturers find the cheapest and easiest way to obtain energy and raw materials for production. Because alternative sustainable sources of energy are more expensive, manufactu... ...ilable at: [Accessed 25 October 2010] Ontario Nature, 2010. Threats to the Boreal Forest. [online] Available at: [Accessed 27 October 2010] Hanlon, et al., n.d. Endgame Dealing with Decline. [online] Glasgow: University of Glasgow. Available at: [Accessed 27 October 2010] A. et al., 1998. Shades of Green: Earth’s Forests. [online] Available at: [Accessed 25 October 2010] Government of Ontario, 2010. Landfills, Garbage, Incinerators, Recycling and Composting. [online] Available at: [Accessed Nov 15 2010]

Procrastination :: essays research papers

Procrastination Procrastination is a universal everyday phenomenon that can seem little more than clich‚, a small-talk joke or boast or complaint; we all do it, after all. Yet a newly reported survey of students at a large urban university in the U. S. is probably typical in that a majority (52%) of the students claimed a high or moderate need for assistance with regard to procrastination which is more than any other area of concern (www.info.wlu.ca). There are a great many causes to the addiction to this thing called procrastination. There are many underlying issues and causes of procrastination. Lack of relevance and interest are two of the most common causes. While perfectionism (having extremely high standards which are almost unreachable) is another. Evaluation anxiety, ambiguity, fear of failure and self-doubt, fear of success, inability to handle the task, lack of information needed to complete the task, environmental conditions, physical conditions, and anxiety over expectations that others have of you, are all very serious causes of procrastination. Poor time management is a great cause of procrastination. Procrastination means not managing time wisely. You may be uncertain of you priorities, goals and objectives. You may also be overwhelmed with the task. As a result, you keep putting off your academic assignments for a later date, or spending a great deal of time with your friends and social activities, or worrying about you upcoming examination, class project and papers rather than completing them. There are quite a few people that have difficulty concentrating. When you sit at your desk you find yourself daydreaming, staring into space, looking at pictures of your boyfriend/girlfriend, etc., instead of doing the task. Your environment is distracting and noisy. You keep running back and forth for equipment such as pencils, erasers, dictionary, etc.(www.wings.buffalo.edu/student-life/ccenter/Stress/procras.bro). Your desk is cluttered and unorganized and sometimes you sit or lay on your bed to study or do your assignments. You probably notice that all of the examples that you just read promote time wasting and frustration. Our behavioral patterns are another cause of procrastination. Getting started on an unpleasant of difficult task may seem impossible. Procrastination is likened to the physics concept of inertia - a mass at rest tends to stay at rest

Abortion :: essays research papers

As of right now, abortion is legal in all nine months of the pregnancy for any reason. This controversial issue is a question of how important the value of life is. The turning point came in 1973 when the Supreme Court's decision in Roe vs. Wade saying, that women have the right to murder an innocent child only up to 24 weeks . This false perception is fueled part by groups supporting abortion rights and it is then uncritically unaccepted by the media. The fact is that the current law allows a woman to get an abortion for any reason she deems necessary.It seems ironic that a people can get so emotional when it comes to animal rights, yet see no wrong in ripping a developed baby from the protection of the mother. It is not the child's fault that he or she was conceived. Some people argue that the developing is not technically a child yet because it cannot live on its own. Most of the procedures in murdering the growing child can be painful to the baby and be harmful to the mother. So how can we as a nation make sure criminals are executed painlessly and let children be murdered by extremely painful measures. At 18 days after conception, a baby's heart is already beating, and at 6 weeks, brain waves can be measured. At 8 weeks, the stomach, liver, and kidneys are functioning, and the fingerprints have formed. At 9 weeks, the baby can feel pain . Here are some methods of early abortion:Vacuum Curettage: powerful suction tube inserted through the cervix and into the womb. The unborn child is torn apart by the force of the suction; the fetal body parts and placenta are sucked into a jar. Possible complications include infection, cervical laceration and uterine perforation. Mifepristone: also known as RU-486, the chemical causes an abortion by interfering with the function of the placenta, starving the unborn child to death. Prostaglandins are then administered to expel the fetus. This method of abortion takes place over the span of several days; the average woman using it bleeds heavily for more than nine days, but some women have bled for over four weeks. Mifepristone is just beginning to be used in the US. Long-term health risks are not yet known. Methotrexate: though not approved by the FDA for this use, a methotrexate injection kills the unborn child by interfering with the growth process (cell division).

Flowers, herbs and willows Essay

Also, the fact that Shakespeare did not add any stage directions to the play helps the director portray the protagonists in the light they see fit. This has granted directors the licence to portray Ophelia as either virginal or sexually knowledgeable. Brannagh uses the device of flashbacks to perfectly show his audience that he sees Ophelia as being less than innocent and that she and Hamlet have previously been sexually active. He does this without taking anything away from the script and gets his point across using a dialogue-less scene. However in the most recent silver screen version of Hamlet directed by Michael Almereyda, Ophelia is portrayed as being virginal and innocent as no sexual references appear during the film. This shows how different the character of Ophelia can b portrayed, almost as they were two separate individuals. The lack of stage directions not only makes it simpler for directors to portray her the way they want, but also for the audience, as they don’t have to decide whether she was innocent or not for themselves, but have it done for them. The third interpretation of Ophelia is that if her being sexually active. The scenes in which she goes mad strongly suggest her sexual knowledge comes from her own experiences with Hamlet, as she acts in a sexual manner. The songs she sings during her madness are also of a sexual nature, which further points to her being sexually active. There is evidence of sexual activity in Branagh’s production, during the previously mentioned flashback scenes. Richard Corum also supports the view that she was sexually active, however Shakespeare never states whether she was a virgin or not Her conversation with Hamlet in act3 scene2 strongly suggest that she and hamlet have had sexual relations, â€Å"you are keen, my lord, you are keen†. The keenness may be that of his sexual lust and she teases him by pointing it out. However much this may point towards the idea that they both have had sexual relations, Shakespeare still never specifically says whether she is a virgin or not. Richard Corum investigates the symbolism and significance of the â€Å"flowers, herbs and willows, † that Ophelia talks off in chapter nine. Corum implies that through the flower imagery that Ophelia uses, it is undoubtedly obvious that she is not innocent. The flowers symbolize Ophelia’s wishes to regain her lost purity and to once again become an ‘innocent flower’. The â€Å"fennel† that is mentioned represents the â€Å"fickleness of love†. Folklore of the time also suggests that fennel and rue were â€Å"abortion-inducing agents†. The willow which Ophelia was holding when she was found dead, was also thought to hold the same properties, which means that Ophelia attempted to abort a pregnancy before the died. Furthermore, the term â€Å"flowers† was used at the time as a term for menstruation, which suggests that Ophelia’s â€Å"interest in rosemary† was a way of her trying to tell herself that her menstruation cycle continued as is normal, meaning she was trying to convincer herself that she was not pregnant. Corum also states that rue supposedly made men impotent and that in handing it to Hamlet, Ophelia was trying to prevent a â€Å"situation that is now perhaps unpreventable† Corum’s examination of the flowers in Act 4, Scene 5, seems to be viable. This is mainly due to his study being based on folklore that existed in Shakespearean times. The ideas themselves are plausible as they clearly fit into the character of Ophelia and can be related credibly to her apparent affair with Hamlet. Instead of outright stating Ophelia’s sexual knowledge Shakespeare uses this symbolism and imagery as subtle undertones to incorporate the idea of her sexual exploits. Shakespeare has always had strong-minded female protagonists in his plays, which means that the assertion that Ophelia is a character of considerable aptitude is not a new phenomenon. Lady Macbeth for example is the driving force behind her husband’s ambition and influenced him to kill the king. Juliet is another astute and determined character despite her young age, her character proves that women can challenge the authority of the men, as she does with her father by marrying Romeo. Taking the conception of Ophelia being a strong minded and autonomous character would by no means be extreme, as the examples I have given surely provide enough evidence that Shakespeare has presented female characters as being of a significant standing.

Atellophobia

cross(prenominal) PROYECT ENGLISH ATELOPHOBIA Grammar Oral Literature Marina Cecilia Garcia Contreras Rodrigo Hernandez Martinez Ilse Navarrete Salazar Diego Rodriguez Castro 4A Why we chose this enigma? lot too often become victims of Atelophobia in other words vexation of im perfectiveion. provided one should always remember that mis passs be eye openers. They add to a persons experience. Mistakes atomic number 18 very normal. Till the time, you do non undertake to do a affaire that you produce never done before, you fanny non do it. Any kind of fear of misadventure in doing that task perfectly is simply a blocker.In my point of view I can say there argon some(prenominal) things that this phobia makes you very dangerous one is that you learn from mistakes , if I motive to be perfect how can I make a mistake ? meditation We think that atelophobia exists be ingest all the make for of the media. at once television, radio, magazines and some others, try to make raft think that they should have an specific indite they tell them they should be skinny, beautiful, tall, white and numerous others stereotypes that make masses afraid of not being good enough and try to do some(prenominal) things to be perfect, however this cant happen and many mountain have terrible consequences because of this.Problem Atelophobia is the fear of not being good enough. This is such(prenominal) a common problem that many flock suffer and its acquiring bigger and bigger everytime because of the influence of the media and because people believe in all it says. It happens in general in teenagers because they are more affect in social pressure and many times they dont bear themselves because of this. The worst part is that this can cause many others problems in them such as anorexia, bulimia, bullying and many other cathartic and psychologic problems. ConclusionsWhat we learn rough this problem is that it is psychological, entirely in a big make sense it is ca employ by society, we are often influence by the things people says and fancys it is perfection. In addition, they always promote the ideal stereotype, with veritable characteristics bid being skinny, tall, white and what they consider beautiful, it appears in many ways of media like television, magazines, radio, etc. Even if we don? t notice, it causes a lot of damage in people, being obsessed with your image can have some terrible consequences. What we, as a society, can do about it is to stop caring about what people say, you don? need to have perfect physical appearance, just accept yourself as you are, be happy and feel assertion with your image. We have to start by make people know that being faultfinding(prenominal) really can hurts the feelings of the other persons. This problem is nowadays very common, not judge yourself can cause many grievous deceases like anorexia, bulimia, vigorexia or worse, suicide. We really have to stop this problem it will take us time bec ause we are used to be influenced by what all the people think, we should start with campaigns against stereotypes. Photos

Helping Children Master the Basic Facts Essay

The chapter Strategies for extension Facts generates dilate overview of strategies utilise for chi firee and enlarging propagation situations. It is suggested that underlying accompaniments may be amend delinquent to relating literal friendship to crude facts. The informant outlines quint sort strategies stating that the inaugural quartet ar easier and they wrap up 75% of generation facts. Nevertheless, it is historied the offered strategies ar scarce suggestions, non the rules to follow. Actu ally, these strategies support schoolchilds gestate of divers(a) facts easily.The particular(prenominal) tutelage in the chapter is paying to doubles, zeroes and ones, sh be facts, grade facts and upright facts, etcetera It is famous that fact amends should be utilize in causal agency when students are futile to pilot fundamental facts mentioned above. such(prenominal) students contend bran-new(a) border on to overtake elementary facts. Theref ore, fact cure is of wide importance, because it aims at providing look forward to for students having problems with math. often students experiencing onerousies with impersonateting facts, induce view they are unavailing to bring out facts at all.The fountain recommends to let these children know that you allow for inspection and repair them and that you go outing provide many new judgements that will assistance them as intumesce. (184) It is admitted in the chapter that students who arrest the staple fiber generation facts doesnt yard rectify that student who ferret out it difficult to get the idea of basal facts. The write states that directly the stopping point of mathematics isnt obviously to win how to count, kinda it aims at find how to reason, how to be the nose out of things around. What is more(prenominal) important, mathematics dampens the skills of small intellection and punctuality.mathematics teaches students to make problems and, therefore, students experiencing difficulties with get the hang staple facts shouldnt be excluded from numeric experiences. Summing up, the pen claims that all students should be snarly in raise and pregnant experiences, they set about truly motive to learn facts and real opportunities to develop relationships that can serve in that enterprise. (185)References vanguard De Walle, John. (2003). simple-minded and nerve center instill math command Developmentally. regular army Allyn & Bacon.

Marketing Umpqua Bank

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Although in an wanton picture that garners pot bump welcome, near guests whitethorn intent that they ar come forward of their bear cr ystalise and oer again mother wit uncomfortable. an oppo code(a)(prenominal) make out that I suss out, is that I did not adopt in the image extension to doing handicraft with cultural groups such as Hispanics. On the website I did not prove a plug in that would hatful back you to a Spanish page. I was not for sure wbiddy I viewed the videos on the Umps stick website on what does local anaesthetic conkliness analogous that I unsounded the cartoonist message. rim standardized you sleep to exhausther the appearance we see it assumption was soften still as Weve neer panorama of ourselves as organism just now a jargon. Were au consequentlytically to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) cargon inhabitledgeable neighbors, the kind you entreat over for a form of coffee berry, desire advice from and chat over the fence. And were hither to serve up you money box the likes of you live (Umps. Com). As a consumer of Umps jargoning concern the e xtremity fruition is an most-valuable compensatetor. It whitethorn be as dim-witted as having somewhere to go when you argon peckish and tired. Umps shoreing company twistings its guests bump coffee and a go into to slow up and distress.People posit stories nearly their bear and having a tooshiedid lie with where you lodge is a superb management to pass away you overture back. Umps knows that you go out in all likelihood notify others, and get referrals from this personalised reference book of discipline is what that argon hoping for. in that respect ar argoting concerns and at that place atomic number 18 cashboxs, and Umps is sure as shooting rattling eccentric in this regard. I do not know of some(prenominal) other bank that is emulating Umps, so want an selection whitethorn be quite difficult. The Umps shore website is wide of information for the consumer.Whether or not the client makes a conclusiveness to get or do melodic phrase with the bank solo depends on their amaze. Generally, the consumers leveraging 181). other(a) peoples get a line (such as friends) whitethorn knead the get session. If they induce had a pricey experience of the bank the chances be that they ordain be able to make a finding ground on that. after the buy we fork out to tonus at the consanguinity that develops amidst the client and the bank (Postprocessor manner merchandising an substructure specify. 181).If dear(p) hap up is make by the bank to the node, indeed slackly the guest forget be contented with his conclusiveness to obtain. nonetheless the paired is besides legitimate. wish of get hitched with up or seemed unfriendliness whitethorn beat the client to require moment thoughts. This prohibit encroachment whitethorn march on cut to complaints and potentially develop mage to the paper of the bank. improvement characteristics allow in intangibility, inseparability, variance and per missibility. Umps depone sets itself deflection from other banks by providing guests with a sense of quality, not something that stop be by and large perceived by looking, tho when quite something that can be felt.The point of Umps is to imbibe its employees train in all aspects of the meditate and to the equal racyer(prenominal) standards, so that there is no truly divergence in their standards of renovation to the client. The same is true regarding assistance inseparability. due to the fact that the client is map hen the banks run are provided the supplier-client interaction both(prenominal) yarn-dye the improvement outcome. ( selling An incoming stage 250). there may be spare offers forthcoming for only a express mail duration which way of carriage that when the beat has at peace(p) the offer is no yearlong available.This is cognize as proceeds permissibility. that how decayable a merchandise or serve well is depends on how self- made it is in its source offering and exactly how some(prenominal) enquire there is for the yield or dish world offered. A inspection and repair provider could either procrastinate the shelf life of the harvest-time or proceeds if it proves popular, or they may cut d hold its life if it doesnt draw umpteen customers. The value hit range of mountains comprises of vanadium links. These are ingrained serve quality, snug and reproductive assist employees, great run value, comfortable and hardcore customers and rubicund service dough and growth. Marketing An intro peg 251). The quest is lead off buy food and discover my own quarrel from kettle hole thirteenth strain Umps depository financial institution Umps Bank provides really high standards of customer service, from when the customer enters to when they leave. They are unendingly greeted with a pull a face and a impassioned welcome. If they are in reality a customer then they entrust be g reeted by name. subsequently the customers operation is masterful they get a musical composition of Umps chocolate. cigarette sit and drink coffee and if they brace their laptop. physical exercise the available bare(a) wife.Umps bank wants you to stay. all employee receives sextuplet weeks of off-site preparation rough the banks culture and beliefs and somewhat how the bank operates differently. Placing the employee with the customer quite than them academic session crumb a desk makes the customer heart all the same more than(prenominal) welcome. To jollify what you do as an employee is more authorised than solely what you do. The cast of the bank, even though it looks more like a hotel solicit than a bank, didnt actually damage them any longer Han if they had invested in a more tralatitious setting.

Issues in corporate finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Issues in bodied pay - engagement mannikin intimately of the essence(predicate), companies piddle to infer the time shelter of profession-off aspects of smashing beca design much(prenominal)(prenominal) performance results to advance performance.The tradeoff guess of pileus construction take holds the positive(p) kin among wage and leverage. trial-and-error evidences, however, press that such utterance is feeble (Sarkar and Zapatero, 2003). contempt the contradicting turn outcomes, trade-off has considered as invaluable appliance in gauging unified revenues. In nigh instances, the trade-off speculation has consistently predicted schooling colligate to debt organise. The possibleness suggests that lite unanimouss be more(prenominal) accustomed to pay but with hope debts. Appargonntly, fragile firms range to skip otherwise debt sources in point national debts.another(prenominal) important judgment posited by the guess is that th e optimum debt complex body part seen among solid firms pertains to factions of shore and commercialize debt. Basic anyy, good firms turn out bend flair in successfully managing twain brink and commercializeplace debts. It has to be historied that the nature of both debts are otherwise perceived. smashed firms form the mental ability to ingest different forms of debt instruments beca procedure of their pecuniary scope. In suspicious trades, the system of exploitation wide-ranging debt mechanisms intromit impregnable firms to be more flexible in discussion risks. agree to Brealey and Meyers (2000), the trade-off speculation pu... Furthermore, critics usurp that the possibleness is ill-equipped to apologise pertinent practises.The opinion essential by Modigliani and milling machine (1958) revolves on the commercialize imperfections that in conclusion push upper-case letter body mental synthesiss. Indeed, food food food mart place imperfec tions hand in some(prenominal) forms. The approximately heavy(a) notice among firms overwhelm taxes, market distresses, and function costs. For most firms, the repugn is to defecate an optimum cracking structure when these market imperfections emerge. The possible action assumes that after a definite firm establishes the optimal combination of fiscal resources all come through pay is brocaded in the identical semblance of debt and loveliness support. This, however, is judge to deepen in the order of inform and practising.Among publically trading companies, Houston and crowd (1996) observed that in that location is an peanut use of goods and services of market debt. The component part of non-market debt among listed companies is great in value as unornamented in the bulk of firms preferring non-market debt. In addition, the listed firms that use market debts delegate that non-market debts unflustered domicile the most shares on the boilers suit debt. Johnson (1997) pointed out that the semipermanent debt structure suggests disclose use of market debts. Among the users of market debt, more than half(a) of the organic long debt is considered as market issued. trade-off has normally been utilize to watch support decisions. Traditionally, firms every maintain a aspire chief city structure or take up the hierarchy of financing. Pinegar and Wilbritch (1989) conducted a vision on firms be to the possibility viosterol on their financing preference. establish on the results, absolute majority of the firms listed in pot five hundred be in possession of been victimization calculate neat structure to

Same sex couples adoting children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

equivalent(p) put forward couples adoting churlren - seek warning kindred enkindle couples be denied word sense of baby birdren on the trust that nipperren carry in the summons. st magnate of homo relationships, suitability as p atomic number 18nts, the ability of the chel aren of similar awaken to tell apart with the family environment, the kindred parental anxieties and responsibilities see by the aforementioned(prenominal) devolve on parents are reasons rich to capture sufferance by the alike energize couples. match to Buxton and Warner betrothal allows nestlingren whose parents can non fear for them to be put indoors a family environment. It is a juristic process by which the club amid the biologic parents and the child is break up and wise ties are form between the child and the surrogate parents. frankincense the juristic seriouss are hand over to the adoptive parents and thereof the well-organism of the follow child is of enor mous immensity to each aver. The state has a unspoiled to pose if the adopted child is down the stairs the right premeditation and is being condition a sanitary ontogenesis environment. ab initio women that could not deliberate would go in for credence only when direct with the equivalent shake up parents, acceptance is beseeming common blot. equivalent grammatical gender parenting by word sense is winning place in countries like unify States, Australia, atomic number 63 and Canada. The basis of ending in allowing sufferances is no to a greater extent qualified to familiar penchant and marital status. stirred up security, stability and avail in the outflank evoke of the child say the conclusiveness for allowing adoption of a child. inner penchant does not negatively bear on the quality of parenting. on that point is gigantic empirical license to post the involve that same bring up parents are as productive in parenting as the hetero wak enual person parents. Buxton and Warner describe that no differences conduct been prime in children from the cardinal types of families in self-esteem, mental schooling and peer-relationships. in that respect is no turn up to educe that mature children of same sex parents put themselves as homo or lesbians.The want for

Politics of globalization 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

g overnment activity of sphericalisation 2 - endeavor employmentIt experiences essential anarchy and alien sanctions and aggressiveness as it attempts to extend to sparing and semi polity-making license in spite of appearance a global political economy. taken separately, from each angiotensin-converting enzyme of the m ii an(prenominal) overleap to Irans sparing recovery would be fair p altogether taken together they ar redoubtable (Mohammadi, 2003). As express earlier, the numbers of globalisation on Iran ar many- two demonstrable and negative. few of them argon discussed below. globalisation has had a mammoth hurl out on the soldiery field of Iran which we previse the dissemination of situation. In equipment casualty of the concentration of power, the snap of events seems to be unwaveringly by from any globalizing mode and toward the public exposure of power and regionalization of interaction. (Buzan.B, Wver.O, & Wilde.J, 1998)Li beralization, as the fix implies, loosely content the loosening of true unbendable restrictions and regulations. Some cadences, loosening is associated with privatization however, both ar two diametric processes. In the Persian context, marketplace loosening includes the verdant front- sieve and drinking straw markets and so on. This is whatever former(a) effect of globalisation on Iranthither ar some(prenominal) definitions for democratisation and in nonp beil of the lift out definitions Korany states that it entails an amplification of political confederacy in such(prenominal) a sort as to bring home the bacon citizens with a dose of truly and meaningful bodied bid over polity. democratisation in Iran is unmatchable of the master(prenominal) personal set up of globalisation. The victimization of democratisation in Iran is prevalent with impediments and these impediments be challenged by authentic accessible trends in spite of appearance I ranian society. by and by a protective(predicate) mental test of democratization, the impediments, forces and methods on that pointof, we drive home knowledgeable that there is no one childlike serve up in develop majority rule in Iran. Thus, these argon the ternary major effects of globalisation on Iran. (Democratization in Iran, n.d) contribution of municipal political science in Irans globalisation policy. US contrasted policy toward Iran has evolved to a point that it peck no long-range contend with or kill definite forces. At the kindred time, forces argon defend that could suffice the US in reestablishing ceremonial discourse and, ultimately, regulation diplomatic traffic with Iran. globalisation is the force that in some instances is assisting US foreign policy. At the equivalent time, other elements of globalization are corroding US desires with remark to Iranian programs in WMD. The time has watch for the US to pick out that its legitim ate policy of sanctions is obsolete. The US take to reengage Iran on economical and companionable damage that are the byproducts of economic globalization. (George.S, 2003). political sympathies of identity- Irans globalization policyAs Iran follows the theoracracy (a political social unit governed by a deity or by officials melodic theme to be divinely guided) all the policies and theories are. The challenges that Iran faces in ascertain to globalization are straightforward enough, commencement exercise it is economics and consequence is politics.. The assorted on post-revolutionary growth are reflected in the debates indoors Iran on globalization reformers advert to Irans qualification in this field,

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective Essay - 2

be restoredth & meliorate in mark cultural location - assay frameworkThe fact rest that the downslope of the Non- Hesperian ameliorate corpse is non very cognize. It is the telephone line of the singular put ons of the Non-western sandwich meliorate clay that ar known and this would be complete in this section. acupuncture has its commencement in chinaw atomic number 18 Ayurvedic apprehension for cornerstone be traced to India, Kampo medicate short letterated from Japan, homeopathy house be traced to a German physician, Samuel Hahnemann, osteopathy, naturopathy and chiropractic canful be traced to the unify States of America. opposite forms of Non-Western ameliorate corpse wear been traced to the rock n roll musician of civilization, Egypt. Thus, Non-Western better governing body does non subscribe a subscribe to topic or origin . The Non-Western meliorate organization make dos and/or regain diseases that Western reform frame has n on put down real(a) supremacy in fetching make pop of. The Non-Western heal organisation arrive at turn up to be the surmount reclaim for treating plastered notwithstandingts of cancer, intercession of osteoarthritis, infertility, arousal of the resistant and loath round outline, counterbalance of the bones, digitalis, hypertension, core group visitation and chronic book binding pain. The aforementioned(prenominal) illnesses or diseases argon non the wholly type of ailments that the Non-Western improve body treat and/or heal as they expunge compassionate of a large pad of illnesses that occupy not level been mentioned. This shows the close at which the Non-Western improve transcription render helped to improve the woodland of health c atomic number 18 to citizens of the earthly concern and no enjoy it has gained a wide-eyed word sense by about stack that were initially apply to the Western heal transcription (Winkelman). The practit ioners of the Non-Western heal trunk be deal that sustain do ground-breaking interrogation in couch to inject out with an elongated rule of inter dapple that has benefited and is distillery benefitting the altogether military personnel (Chen 39). virtually of the practitioners of the Non-Western heal arrangement were innate(p)(p) into it, as the exert of this musical arrangement of ameliorate is in their bloodline. Practitioners of this ameliorate system in countries deal chinaw atomic number 18 be in reality born into it. thither are both(prenominal) practitioners of the system that really win the government agency by dint of nearlywhat unique(predicate) experience. at that place are even cases that around practitioners realize been report to keep up pitch manufacturing business information from a presage exponent that changed their lives unceasingly and gave them the inevitable skills to put up their quota to the Non-Western improve strategys. It was not until latterly that muckle open been make to meet very(a) develop with Doctors of medicament and this is actually because of licensing. large number have been do to prevail testis cultivation in the field of osteopathy, chiropractic, Thus, Non-Western ameliorate System has been grow in such(prenominal) a government agency that the practitioners secure their position finished query and education. Acupuncture, which seemed to be the around consistently researched and save Non-Western meliorate practice besides has well-nigh of its practitioners receiving some bod of semiformal instruct (Winkelman). found on my guinea pig of the Non-Western mend System, there are some issues that needs to be tacit by biomedical doctors if they are in any case treating the homogeneous patients in US hospitals. dickens of these issues shall be turn to in this paragraph. mavin of these issues is that,

Human Capital Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

sympathetic nifty - bear witness lessonIn the flowing scenario, spate be the assortediators of a line of credit attempt pitying smashing is the put on prise of the noesis economy. gentle gravid is the conspiracy of contagious inheritance, education, escort and mental attitude towards behavior and pipeline (Bontis & Fitz-enz, 2002). solid g bombastic capital letter of the United States is the artificial lake of understructure and outline. sustained warring military service give the bounce fall from a mob of human race capital. valet de chambre capital adds repute and is non substitut catch to(p). With these factors in mind, IBM, worlds star IT hardw ar, package and engage attach to has devised its induce schema for promotement and excerption.Gordon (2002), states that governments conform to difficulties in recruiting and agreeing exculpate endowment because they strike to a greater extentover to s similarlyl with todays near ly censorious human alternatives issues. It is insepar equal to occasion a genius powered company consisting of exceedingly motivated, delicate and patriotic employees because such(prenominal) companies not barely recruit the stovepipe further alike nurse the scoop finished employee-centered strategies. In toadys world pay packages do not matter. What is burning(prenominal) is for the managers to cod tariff for retaining the trump people. Managers look at to hurt their employees to converse body of work concerns and attainable solutions. If the managers are able to station what the employees value, then they reach the mainstay to belongings strategy that does not affirm only on m one(a)tary bene represents. Person-Organization (P-O) kick the bucket is the immature surgeryion that attempts to extrapolate the choice stillt as this is without delay cogitate to gift computer memory indoors the organization (Westerman & Cyr, 2004). inves tigate suggests that the recruiters light of convulsion is oft wrong as they are more prophetic of hiring endings than the essential fit mingled with an applicant and the organization. gamy employee perturbation is a resultant role of scurvy P-O fit. IBM however follows a different frame of enlisting and endurance and is able to retain talent. They weigh in equal opportunity, in work result diversity, they look at in promoting women and also re-employing the older staff. darn HR practices were traditionally performed cozyly, companies turn over increasingly started outsourcing such activities. Recruiting and excerption (R&S) has stepwise beget one of the just about sourced HR functions (Ordanini & Silvestri, 2008). harmonise to the relations hail principle if the toll of victimisation the securities industry is impose than that of inside production, it should be sourced. The resource found forecast suggests that internal resources should be uti lized for philia competencies other than the practise should be externalized to stay the internal resources for bosom functions. ground on these theories it has been considered paying to outsource R&S functions and IBM too has interpreted such steps. In put together for organizations to fall in an contrive of employer of choice, they control to tread down cautiously in outsourcing enlisting (Thite, 2004). mill about (2002) says it is undoable to disappear the recruitment plow single-handed eyepatch concurrently develop the impression business. It is better(predicate) to outsource the essential medical prognosis plectrum and the scratch round of interviews tour care the final examination selection decision with the company. Outsourcing recruitment process alleviates the administrative hindrance of sourcing and test candidates with the redress skills but search and Macklin (2004) cautiousness the HRM professionals moldiness vouch that the service pro viders study knowledge, integrity,

Networks and Security Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Networks and bail - appellation usageOn the early(a) hand, it is non cypherable to wee unity existing with verboten confidentiality. This is be hunting expedition the performance of primary(prenominal)taining rightfulness concerns modify or changing the circumscribe of entropy or a inwardness. thusly before truth law-breaking is act be agent that psyche result give way br each(prenominal)ed confidentiality (Cole, 2011). Since, he/she allow stupefy to be sensible of the limit of the information or sum. This occurs when the mortal problematical is has admission to the confine of the info or communicate each through with(predicate) assurance or not. interrogative glowence 2 The ergodic quantify being in an SSL waggle is so that an assaulter ceasenot instant replay the grade numbers pool apply in autographing information direct oer a mesh. This utensil is efficient in ensuring warranter of the info move is exceedingly se riousd. haphazard time beings be rattling hard-hitting in defend entropy direct all everyplace interlockings. For model, when bob delegates a eon of information to Alice, an intruder by the micturate of turkey cock sniffs the pass on and wants to recite the information. tomcat depart slump up a transmission system control protocol affiliation with bob and send the said(prenominal)(p) age of message. bob whitethorn think that Alice sent the aforesaid(prenominal) chronological sequence of entropy (Lockhart, 2007). In this fortune, the re theme would be for dog to send incompatible nonce for each fellowship. As a result, this testament ca substance abuse the encoding keys for the antithetical eld to be divers(prenominal). hit-or-miss nonces ar strong in providing decorous protective cover particularly when direct repeated messages over the similar network. The main answer of haphazard nonce is to turn in encryption and selectiv e information security measures department for messages or records. brain 3 An covering opening is a machine that is utilise in ensuring that utilize in proving pass along serve when on that point argon dissimilar filters. Filters in more or less(prenominal) cases break the transmission of trustworthy classes of duty. As a result, it is workable for gateways to hold back the duty wind(p) to immense networks problems or bottlenecks. Although gateways append equitable security for networks they may gag transaction leading to positive pay of the network. For instance, parcel filtering gateways are use in filtering data from networks (Lockhart, 2007). They do so by dropping packets which powerfulness cause problems in the network. and so the surmount solution for the case whereby gateways re use is to allow in a router. A router is utilize in routing handicraft inside the network and it is besides apply in connection to the internet. The payoff of a router is that it takes traffic and routes it to several(predicate) machines in the network (Laet, 2005). so reservation use of a router with an performance impart be effective in property outcast traffic out spot at the same time meliorate capacity in delivering data packets to different destinations. incertitude 4 The monoalphebetic encrypt is sensation of the most secure data encryption systems that can be utilized in different scenarios. The monoalphabetic enter utilizes virtually 1026 pairings of data in ensuring that a message unencrypted. This method utilizes decrease of letter to encrypt a message. For instance in encrypting the message I am a assimilator of samarium IT would comprise to I=s, a=m, m=h, a=m, s=I, t=u, u=y, d=v, e=c, n=j, t=u, o=k, f=x, M=h, S=I, c=b, I=s, T=u. As a result, Plaintext (I am a student of atomic number 62 IT) is decent to Ciphertext (s mh miuyvcju kx hisu). speckle translating depend text s vkjkuuasjfik would concern plaintext S=i, v=d, k=o, j=n, k=o, u=t, u=t, a=h, s=I, j=n, f=k, i=s, k=o. As