Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Employment Law Compliance (Principles and Strategies) Essay

Employment Law Compliance (Principles and Strategies) - Essay Example The business management principles are considered to be the central operation of business. Planning involves determining what the appropriate objectives for the business are and how those objectives are going to be accomplished. It is necessary to organize the structure of the resources and activities of the business, so that the objectives are accomplished. Staffing involves hiring the right people to do the activities of the business, training them to do the job and rewarding them appropriately. Directing is leadership, motivating the employees to achieve the business objectives. Controlling is the process of evaluation and correction that is needed to make certain that the business stay on track towards its goals. Planning and controlling are closely linked since planning sets the goals and standards for performance. Mr. Stonefield is planning to open a Limousine Service in Austin, Texas with twenty-five employees’ the first year with the intent of hiring more employees when the business generate profitable revenues. The Limousine Service will operate around the metropolitan area of Texas. This memo outlines on identifying applicable laws as well as the consequences of noncompliance with these laws. Included are The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, Family and the Medical Leave Act of 1993, The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1986, and Sexual Harassment in the Workplace. Mr. Stonefield should consider a Long-term Strategic (Business Plan) that should influence the design of benefits within the Limousine Service, the Stage of Development to include the projected rate of employment growth for the geographic deployment within Austin, Texas area that is profitability. The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) of 1986 companies with at least twenty employees must make medical coverage available at group insurance rates (100% premium plus a 2%

Monday, October 28, 2019

The Nature Of Reality Essay Example for Free

The Nature Of Reality Essay What is reality?   Throughout the history of mankind it seems that we have all been searching for the answer to this question.   The nature of reality cannot be explained in a way that will satisfy us all.   I believe that the nature of reality is lies within the mind of each of us.   What is reality for one person is not reality for another.   Reality is based on individual perception, and the evolution of each person.   What I mean by this is that each person goes through a type of evolution in his/her life where the mind begins to develop a higher awareness. Most of us begin to realize that there is more to the process of life than being born, aging, and dying.   Greek philosopher, Thales thought that â€Å"beneath the world of life and death there must be some basic substance which explained and made possible everything else,† (The Ionian School, undated website article). Many of us begin to believe that we are much more than our physical bodies.   And that leaving our bodies through death is not the end of our existence. Our life force, energy, or soul will continue to live on a different level or dimension.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of course, believing in a sort of ‘life’ after death is a major topic of debate.   Philosophers continue to ponder if this could be reality, Christians structure their lives around this belief, and scientist argue that reality is only that which can be proven. â€Å"Clearly, the mere fact that one believes in and lives by something is not of itself sufficient evidence that that something has real, as distinct from fictional, existence; that, intellectually, it makes sense, as distinct from nonsense,† (Somerville, 1967).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that just because we can’t prove something through science does not mean that something can’t exist.  Ã‚   For example, well-know psychics seem to be able to communicate with the dead, and predict future events often with amazing accuracy.  Ã‚   Even ordinary people who have had near-death experiences insist that there is something more, and often claim to have seen the other side of physical life.   Therefore, I believe that the nature of reality is different for everyone.   And the secret to reality is in our own minds.   I believe that what will be real in our lives, will be that which is real in our minds. References Somerville, J. (1967).   The Nature of Reality: Dialectical Materialism.   In The Philosophy of Marxism: An Exposition (pp.3-32).   Minneapolis: Marxist Educational Press. The Ionian School.   Retrieved February 24, 2007, from http://www.hol.gr/greece/texts/aristo.1txt.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Writing as Art in The Painted Bird :: Painted Bird Essays

Writing as Art  in  The Painted Bird  Ã‚  Ã‚   Three Works Cited    The use of art has many functions.   It lacks a satisfactory definition and is easier to describe it as a way something is done --â€Å"the use of skill and imagination in the creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with others†Ã‚   --rather than what it is.   Jerzy Kosinski’s The Painted Bird describes the disasters that befall a six-year-old boy who is separated from his parents and wanders through the primitive Polish-Soviet borderlands during the war.   Kosinski fails to mention the boy’s name and the names of the towns the boy travels over throughout the text.   This enables the reader to assume that this child could have possibly been any unfortunate youngster during the war.   Kosinski’s writings organize the chaos of the boy’s life experiences through form.   The use of both organic and conventional form throughout the book draws the reader closer to the horrific encou nters the young boy faced on a daily basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using writing as a method of art organizes the chaos of experience through form.   Kosinski’s novel applies organic form to portray the appalling predicaments the boy encountered during the separation from his family.   The use of organic form in the formal pattern offers the reader the â€Å"what-will-be-next† scenario before they proceed through the pages.   Kosinski gives the reader a taste of the animalistic characteristics of the towns’ people the boy confronts during the war.   This allows the reader not to be â€Å"shocked† when the peasants the boy faces demonstrated an extraordinary predilection for incest, sodomy, and meaningless violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While reading â€Å"The Painted Bird†, the reader gains the impression that religion seemed to be a high priority for the village people.   However, Kosinski’s use of conventional form to inform his readers that church was a very important part of the   culture in these villages seemed to contradict this portrayal. In the culminating incident of the book, the boy drops a missal while he’s helping service Mass and is flung by the angry parishioners into a pot of manure .   Emerging from the pit he realizes that he has lost the power of speech.   Church goes watched as the young boy was tossed into the manure and no one tried to assist him.   A group of bullies pushes the boy, a presumed spy or Jew, below the ice of a frozen pond.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Sexual Enlightenment :: Essays Papers

Sexual Enlightenment Introduction Throughout human history, there has always been a wide range of conflicts with nature. The earliest humans had to learn survival techniques in the wilderness, we have always felt the threat of the devastating forces of the earth like volcanoes, earthquakes, and hurricanes, and in recent decades have even ventured into the vast wonders of outer space. The issue we are focusing on here deals with various advances in the nature of human sexuality. Sexual enlightenment produced profound changes in human society. The aspects of sexual enlightenment covered in our web site are homosexuality, pre-marital sex, sexual disease, marriage and birth control. Homosexuality has been around for a long time. We know it has been around in some form or another for most of history. It reared its head in ancient societies like the Roman Empire and has survived to make its way into our present day world. Homosexuality has experienced many changes and different levels of acceptance depending on time and place. In the past few decades, this alternative form of sexuality has seen a huge growth in popularity. Though it is not fully accepted in today's societies, advocates are always fighting for homosexual rights. It remains a topic of varying acceptance. Our second aspect of sexual enlightenment is pre-marital sex. Of the cultures, past and present, who treasure the bond of marriage (for whatever reasons), pre-marital sex has been generally looked down upon within the society. Nonetheless, we know that it has still been a frequent occurrence in many societies. People just didn't want to wait until marriage, and they sure don't want to now. Pre-marital sex remains a popular occurrence in today's societies. Thirdly, we have the enlightenment in sexually transmitted diseases. Because of relatively recent advances in science, we have been able to study diseases much more thoroughly. We can understand how they work and even find treatments for them. These diseases have been around since people have been having sexual intercourse with multiple partners (probably all of human history) since that's how they are spread. We have records of prostitution dating back to ancient times, so sexual disease must be very old.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

African Negro Art Essay

In †Walker Evans: The Hungry Eye†, author Gilles Mora attempts to capture and represent every significant aspect of the photographer’s life and times via his art work. Evans was a Depression-era photographer with the Farm Security Administration and later editor of Fortune magazine. His work was featured in Time magazine and he was the first photographer to be given a solo show at New York’s Museum of Modern Art in 1938. In 1935, he had his first photograph display at the museum, a series he called â€Å"African Negro Art. † Evans did not initially set out to be a photographer, but ended up as part of a class of FSA photographers that included such greats as Dorothea Lange and Ansel Adams. He was born to well-to-do parents in St. Louis in 1903 and attend college in New York for a year before going to Paris to see the world. In 1927, he returned to the New York literary scene making friends with others who would go on to have a huge impact on his career. He first began taking photographs in 1928 and worked on Wall Street as a clerk to a stockbroker until the stock market crash in 1929. A year later his first photographs, of the Brooklyn Bridge, were published in a book of poetry by Hart Crane. During the Depression, Evans toured Cuba where he met Earnest Hemingway and worked for the Resettlement Administration in West Virginia before joining the FSA. He spent a great deal of time shooting American architecture as a manner of recording history and life and also spent 3 weeks living with sharecroppers in Alabama for a piece for Time magazine that James Agee was supposed to write. The piece did not meet Time’s standards, but he and Agee would publish the story and photos in 1941 in Let Us Now Praise Famous Men† Evans primarily used an 8† by 10† large format camera for his Depression era work, though he would switch to 35 mm in his later years. He is primarily known for his attempt to document life as it was without the influence of the photographer being felt in the photographs. This was, of course, impossible given the medium that he was using. The large size format combine with the film type meant that often his subjects would have to remain motionless for several minutes while the film was exposing. Still, even his staged photographs appeared to be accurate scenes of life in the South in the Depression. During World War II, Evans was a regular contributor to Time magazine and after the war he joined the staff of Fortune magazine where he was a regular contributor until 1965. In 1965, he left the magazine to become a professor of graphic design at Yale Univeristy in New Haven, Conn., where he remained until his death in 1975. Evans is best known for his Depression era work, but he also did several series after the war attempting to document American life. He did a series about American industrialization s shot from a moving train and about the people of New York City that he shot on the subway with a camera hidden in his coat. Evans is credited with having a strong influence on several American artists most notably Andy Warhol, who may have gotten the idea for his photo-booth series from work that Evans had done in a photo-booth. It is believed that Evans began experimenting with the use of photo booth imagery as early as 1929 in an attempt to divest himself from the role of artist in the taking of the photograph. Evans argued throughout most of his life in favor of the idea that photography should be a record of what was and not an artistic medium. Mora attempts to depict Evans’ work in a manner as closely as possible to the way they were originally presented, meaning some reproductions in the book are small and difficult to appreciate, but as a whole Evans’ body of work is amazing for its depiction of the human spirit.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Dialogue Activities for ESL Students

Dialogue Activities for ESL Students Practicing dialogues is a great way for English students to test their skills and develop a better grasp of the language. Dialogues are useful for a number of reasons: Dialogues provide models on which students can base their own conversations.Dialogues force students to focus on language production in a way that helps them practice correct usage.Student-created dialogues can be used to encourage creativity.Dialogues can be used as a basis for listening to comprehension exercises. Using dialogues  to help students develop their  conversation skills  is a  common practice in most English classes. There are a number of different ways to go about incorporating dialogues into classroom activities. The suggestions below encourage students to role-play and practice new tenses, structures, and language functions. Once students become familiar with these new language elements, they can then use the dialogues as models to practice writing and speaking on their own. Vocabulary Exercises Using dialogues can  help students become familiar with standard formulas used to discuss different topics. This is especially helpful when practicing new idioms and expressions. While these expressions might be easy to understand on their own, introducing them through dialogues can help students immediately put the new vocabulary into practice. Divide students into pairs and give each pair a topic to talk about. Challenge each student to incorporate a few given idioms or expressions into their dialogue before time runs out. Gap Fill Exercises Dialogues are perfect for gap fill exercises. For example, take a sample dialogue and delete keywords and phrases from the text. Choose a pair of students to read the dialogue to the rest of the class, then ask the other students to fill in the missing words and phrases. You can also have students create their own sample dialogues and quiz each other to see how well they can fill in the blanks. Dialogues for Role-Playing and Acting Having students  write dialogues for short scenes or soap operas helps them focus on correct expressions, analyze language, and develop their writing skills. Once students have completed their scripts, have them act out their scenes and skits for the rest of the class. Dialogue Dictations Have students write sample dialogues for popular TV shows such as The Simpsons or The Office. Alternatively, write a script together as a class, and have each student be responsible for a particular character. This exercise gives students time to  pay attention to details as the plot moves forward. Memorizing Dialogues Have students memorize simple dialogues as a way to help them improve their vocabulary skills. While old-fashioned, this type of rote work can help students build good habits as their English skills improve. Open-Ended Dialogues Create sample dialogues that show the words of only one speaker, then have students complete the dialogues using a list of responses youve provided. Another variation is to provide only the beginning or end of a sentence for each speaker. Completing this type of open-ended dialogue can provide a bigger challenge for upper-level English learners. Recreating Scenes Have students re-create their favorite scenes from different movies. Ask a group of volunteers to act out a scene in front of the class, then compare their version to the original.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Imagination; a Humans Special Sence Essays

Imagination; a Humans Special Sence Essays Imagination; a Humans Special Sence Essay Imagination; a Humans Special Sence Essay Essay Topic: Invisible Man Daimaly Gines 10/25/12 FD #3 Expos, Section Imagination: A Human’s Special Sense Human beings have the ability to create their own individual worlds through imagination. However, the imagination is limited because of the constant use of technology and the reliance on vision. The technological culture has separated humans from the actual world and their senses; much like vision has done. In the essay â€Å"The Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses†, Juhani Pallasmaa focuses on the exploration of the senses and how they interact with one another. We also see his discussion on how vision can affect the human experience. The more visually capable we are, the more we begin to lose our sense of imagination. Similarly in the essay â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid? †, Nicolas Carr argues that the more we rely on technology and the Internet, the more it will affect humans in today’s world, as well as our ability to read and comprehend. Living in a society that relies mostly on technology, individuals fail to create a balance between the Internet and their actual senses. The more we depend on technology, the less room there is for the mind to imagine. Our brains have reached a point where we fall into a daydream with anything that does not catch our attention. Furthermore, in â€Å"The Mind’s Eye†, Oliver Sacks explores some of the most fundamental facets of human experience: how we see in three dimensions, how we represent the world internally when our eyes are closed, and how remarkable, and unpredictable our brains find new ways of creating new worlds through imagination. The obscuring of vision leads to imagination but once we begin to imagine, we gain the ability to preserve and envision the world around us in a new way, and thus we use the senses to help us imagine more deeply. The experience of living affects imagination because vision and technology does not allow us to stay focused because we have become used to the commodity of technology and vision. Carr states, â€Å"now my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages† (67). In other words, Carr is explaining how the constant use of technology is depriving him from actually sitting down, reading a book and focusing on the text. The Internet is reprogramming us to imagine more often and not pay attention to what one is actually doing in the real world. The reading and analysis has now become a struggle for individuals whose life is surrounded by technology. Similarly, Sacks describes the idea that when we are on the level of imagination, one can no longer interpret â€Å"what is visual, what is auditory, what is image, what is language, what is intellectual, what is emotional- they are all fused together and imbued with our own individual perspectives and values† (317). Imagination makes us realize our own individual worlds. Once we have imagination, what we see, hear, feel and touch is brought together into our own view. When we imagine, we begin to lose the ability to see what is going on in society. This occurs because vision and technology are being concealed. For example, when we begin to daydream, someone may try and get our attention to bring them back to reality, but it may take longer for us to realize that someone wanted to get our attention. This happens because we get caught up into our own imagination and forget what is going on in the outside world. Similarly, Pallasmaa states that, â€Å"deep shadows and darkness are essential, because they dim the sharpness of vision, make depth and distance ambiguous, and invite unconscious peripheral vision and tactile fantasy† (286). Pallasmaa is explaining that darkness is essential for one to be able to imagine. It obscures vision into darkness. The darkness makes the world around us â€Å"ambiguous† and allows imagination to take effect. Carr’s idea of our minds drifting away from what we are actually doing is similar to what Pallasmaa is saying because the darkness is a distraction in which leads to imagination. The high use of technology leaves no room for imagination because we cannot think on our own. One’s imagination is enlightened when fenced by darkness because individuals have room to imagine and listen to their surroundings. We see that our imagination comes into play when our vision is obscured. Without the sense of vision, our other senses quickly assume richness and power. This occurs to blind people such as Hull, who at the age of forty-eight became completely blind. Sacks states that Hull â€Å"speaks of how the sound of the ain, never before accorded much attention, can now delineate a whole landscape for him†¦it throws a coloured blanket over previously invisible things† (304). In other words, we see that Sacks is showing us how strong Hull’s imagination was after becoming blind. Just because Hull became blind, it did not mean that Hull’s life was over. On the other hand, it was a new beginning for Hull. He was able to make use of his other se nses and see how important they are. With Hull’s imagination also came a sense of intimacy with his surroundings. He felt as though with his strong visual imagery, he had a strong sense of closeness, which evolves from imagining. The term ‘delineate’ has a significant meaning in Sack’s text because imagination is what led Hull to be able to portray the images precisely in his mind. Similarly, Pallasmaa states, â€Å"anyone who has half-woken up to the sound of a train or an ambulance in a nocturnal city, and though his/her sleep experienced the space of the city with its countless inhabitants scattered within its structures, knows the power of sound over the imagination† (289). Our sense of imagination quickly takes over and we begin to think and imagine what is happening around us. Pallasmaa is conveying to us that the imagination can also begin with the sense of sound. The term ‘delineate’ is also presented in Pallasmaa’s text because sound and imagination led us to wake up and hear the train or imagine the train rushing by on the train tracks. The imagination is just as strong as any of the other senses. One’s vision has to be obscured in order to be able to imagine. Imagination can lead to a whole new sense, a new world and even a new way we experience our lives today. Today’s technological culture has the ability to paralyze our imagination because we spend a lot of time using the Internet. In order for one to be able to imagine vision and technology should be hidden. If we surround ourselves with technology and the Internet, then we will have no room for imagination. The Net absorbs content from our everyday lives and makes them into ads that individuals will quickly become attracted to when using the Internet. The Internet today wants to â€Å"scatter our attention and diffuse our concentration† (Carr 71). In other words, what Carr is arguing is that the purpose of technology and the Internet is to make us unfocused on what is going on around us. When one is constantly distracted by technology, there is no room for the mind to imagine. Our concentration often begins to drift because of the high use of technology. This is what leads our minds to begin to slumber into a daydream. The absence of imagination leads to a lack of closeness. Our senses become alienated from us because of the use of technology. The senses are alienated and so is our imagination because we are constantly on the Internet searching the web, looking for a distraction. Pallasmaa’s ideas agree with Carr’s when Carr states that, â€Å"the imagination and daydreaming are stimulated by dim light and shadows† (286). Pallasmaa’s focus is on the idea of imagination and daydreaming being inspired by vision and shadows. When in darkness our senses are able to unite themselves more because there is no vision. When sitting in front of a computer screen, one is only focused on the Internet and not making use of the other senses. Similarly with darkness, when in a dark room, our senses are able to be used more and so is our imagination. For example, when sitting in a dark room where vision is obscured, the other senses come into play. Our attention, concentration and imagination are linked with the senses. Our imagination is sparked when our mind is not completely focused. If one relies on technology alone, then how is the mind able to imagine and daydream, if all technology does is fill our minds with ideas that do not allow individuals to imagine on our own. Humans place so much emphasis on technology and vision that they do not notice that their senses are becoming detached. The use of technology and vision changed our experience of being because there is no room for imagination to occur. The sense of imagination is essential in today’s society because we are able to ‘see’ deeper into the world and create new ideas and visuals that only the human mind can create. This is why the blind people that Sack’s mentions in his text have much stronger senses and imagination because they are able to ‘see’ even though they are not sighted. The imagination will soon be considered another of our senses. The sense of imagination has created a whole new world for humans to explore and comprehend. If we ignore our imagination and just stick to technology because it is right at our fingertips, then we will not have the chance to enjoy our sixth sense of imagination. Imagination allows us to form, picture the future in our mind, and to perceive the beauty of natures creativity. It has allowed mankind to create and progress, over the ages. We should never forget about our imagination because even technology was created with imagination. Technology may have been created with imagination but now that we have the Internet and technology, we do not want to imagine for ourselves. How will society continue to progress if we do not imagine what we would like the world to be in twenty years. Without imagination humans would not be where they are today. Everything that makes us humans more efficient in today’s technological culture was imagined centuries ago. At the end of a long day, the majority of us sits down and just daydream about their day or what life will be like in about twenty years. Everyone has the ability to imagine in today’s society, it’s just the matter of finding ones inner thought and not being caught up with the constant use of vision and technology.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty

Definition of Adams-Onis Treaty The Adams-Onis Treaty was an agreement between the United States and Spain signed in 1819 which established the southern border of the Louisiana Purchase. As part of the agreement, the United States obtained the territory of present day Florida. The treaty was negotiated in Washington, D.C. by the American secretary of state, John Quincy Adams, and the Spanish ambassador to the United States, Luis de Onis. The treaty was viewed as a significant event at the time, and contemporary observers, including former president Thomas Jefferson, lauded the work of John Quincy Adams. Background of the Adams-Onis Treaty Following the acquisition of the Louisiana Purchase during the administration of Thomas Jefferson, the United States faced a problem, as it was not entirely clear where the border lay between the territory obtained from France and the territory of Spain to the south. Over the first decades of the 19th century, Americans venturing southward, including Army officer (and possible spy) Zebulon Pike, were apprehended by Spanish authorities and sent back to the United States. A clear border needed to be defined before minor incidents on the border escalated into anything more serious. And in the years following the Louisiana Purchase, the successors to Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and James Monroe, sought to acquire the two Spanish provinces of East Florida and West Florida (the regions had been loyal to Britain during the American Revolution, but following the Treaty of Paris, they reverted to Spanish rule). Spain was barely holding on to the Floridas. And was therefore receptive to negotiating a treaty which would trade away that land in return for clarifying who owned land to the west, in what today is Texas and the southwestern United States. Complicated Territory The problem Spain faced in Florida was that it claimed the territory, and had a few outposts on it, but it wasnt settled. And the region wasnt being governed in any sense of the word. American settlers were encroaching on its borders, essentially squatting on Spanish land, and conflicts kept arising. Escaped slaves were also crossing into Spanish territory, and at time U.S. troops ventured into Spains land on the pretext of hunting fugitive slaves. Creating further complications, Indians living in Spanish territory would venture into American territory and raid settlements, at times killing the residents. The constant problems along the border seemed likely to erupt at some point into open conflict. Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans. In 1818 Andrew Jackson, the hero of the Battle of New Orleans three years earlier, led a military expedition into Florida. His actions were highly controversial in Washington, as government officials felt he had gone far beyond his orders, especially when he executed two British subjects he considered spies. Negotiation of the Treaty It seemed obvious to leaders of both Spain and the United States that the Americans would eventually come into possession of Florida. So the Spanish ambassador in Washington, Luis de Onis, had been granted full power by his government to make the best deal he could. He met with John Quincy Adams, secretary of state to President Monroe. The negotiations had been disrupted and nearly ended when the 1818 military expedition led by Andrew Jackson ventured into Florida. But the problems caused by Andrew Jackson may have been useful to the American cause. Jacksons ambition and his aggressive behavior no doubt reinforced the fear that of the Spaniards that Americans could be coming into the territory held by Spain sooner or later. The American troops under Jackson had been able to walk into Spainish territory at will. Spain was beset by other problems. And it did not want to station troops, which would have to be supplied, in remote parts of Florida to defend against any future American encroachments. There was no escaping that if American soldiers could march into Florida and just seize it, there was little Spain could do. So Onis thought he might as well dispense with the Florida problem entirely while dealing with the issue of borders along the western edge of the Louisiana territory. The negotiations were resumed and proved fruitful. And Adams and Onis signed their agreement on February 22, 1819. A compromise boundary was established between the U.S. and Spanish territory, and the United States gave up claims to Texas in exchange for Spain giving up any claim to territory in the Pacific Northwest. The treaty, after ratification by both governments, became effective on February 22, 1821.  The treaty was eventually followed by other treaties that essentially confirmed the boundaries set out in 1821. An immediate result of the treaty was that it reduced tensions with Spain, and made the likelihood of another war seem remote. So the military budget of the United States could be cut and the size of the U.S. Army reduced in the 1820s.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Why Germany moved it's capital from Bonn to Berlin Research Paper

Why Germany moved it's capital from Bonn to Berlin - Research Paper Example Bonn was seen as the city that epitomized West German economic success and political moderation but Bonn supporters defended it based on this success during the parliamentary debate separating it from Nazi which they believed haunted Berlin and they argued that Bonn was good for upholding the country’s democracy. Moreover, the debate cut across party lines, that is, some social democrats and Christian democrats supporting Berlin and others backing Bonn and this parliamentary division reflected people’s mixed feelings about where to locate their government and set on the newly united Germany. However, some leaders suggested that the debate was not a fight between two cities but a decision about the future of the society for everyone’s good. Most parliamentarians backed the move to Berlin since it symbolizes Germany’s unification. This essay explores what made Germany to move its capital from Bonn to Berlin. German lawmakers engaged in a very heated debate t o make a decision whether the capital of the newly reunified country to remain in Bonn or be relocated back to its historic eastern location in Berlin (Cowell). Bonn has served as the capital of West Germany until the reunification of Germany when Berlin was chosen to be the new capital and the move to Berlin has been lengthy and costly but this move had been delayed by construction problems, plan charges and bureaucratic immobilization. Even though the parliament voted to support the move from the West German capital of Bonn to the old German capital of Berlin, most politicians perceived this as a future happening. Bonn supporters argued that a move to Berlin which is under monarchy, chaotic Weimar Republic, and the Nazis would only ruin the country contrary to Berlin backers who claimed that Bonn represented a small town thus a small minded Germany but Berlin was actually the country’s spiritual and cultural heart. More so, this relocation was meant to enhance unity in the country, that is, the unity of people from Berlin and the rest of the east depended on this move. However, everyone was worried about the cost which was high and this was reflected in the parliament’s decision to make a move after a long time. Improving Berlin’s infrastructure required a lot of money. Accordingly, some have argued that the â€Å"enormous cost of moving all government ministries to Berlin would never assume Bonn’s role as the sole seat of government† (Quint 107). One major reason why German moved its capital from Bonn to Berlin was to ensure a change from a smaller to a larger city (Slack and Rupak 105). Unlike Bonn which was quiet and small in size, Berlin was â€Å"a brash and busy metropolis† and it ranks as a great city recognized worldwide (Holz). Bonn had no symbol of being a capital because being small in size, it cannot contain dominant section like other middle or large sized German cities do especially Berlin (Slack and Ru pak 105). This actually made Germany to move its capital to a larger city, Berlin. In addition, Berlin is situated at the heart of the east making it to the best choice as the country’s capital and seat of government. Furthermore, the unification treaty acknowledged Berlin as capital leaving the decision on the seat of government to the future German legislature (Quint 107). Berlin supporters argued that relocating to Berlin would be very important in providing both political and economic support but others opposed this claiming that moving all government offices to Berlin would only add more financial burden (Quint 107). Accordingly, eastern representatives argued that the shift to Berlin is crucial to enhance â€Å"economic recovery in the former GDR and bolstering a psychological sense of parity and equality for of

Friday, October 18, 2019

Teacher Leadership - Deciion Making Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Teacher Leadership - Deciion Making - Assignment Example The school culture fundamentally relies on sharing values, beliefs and visions of school which highlight high standard of ethics and moral considerations. They are designed to inculcate sense of responsibility and accountability so that they can grow up into responsible adults. The teachers as leaders share decisions which promote shared goals and higher sense of social responsibility within students. Shared decisions also become strong facilitator for creating effective learning environment for students (Hasham, 2010). When teachers encourage decision making through informed choices, students are motivated to learn more skills and tend to pay more attentive in their classes. In the current environment of rapid globalization and changing social dynamics, understanding cross cultural values become hugely pertinent issues for building constructive social relationship. Indeed, teachers as leaders are in a position to influence students’ outlook towards diversity and encourage positive relationship building amongst students coming from diverse background. School culture that thrives on excellence is intrinsically linked to shared decision making process and collective goals as defined by educational leaders. Various processes and events like celebrations, acknowledgement, sharing of stories of high achievement, ceremonies to award students etc. serve to inspire students for higher academic

Informal interview(HRD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Informal interview(HRD) - Essay Example He has to set the daily roster, look for new and novel things for the employees, interact with them and facilitate in solving their day to day issues, look after their needs and wants, discuss options to safeguard their organizational rights and basically take the message of the employees towards the higher management realms. The rationale for choosing this person was that Mr. Jack is a renowned person within his field and all employees have something good to say about him. It shows that Mr. Jack has a very commendable relationship with the employees as well as the people with whom he is connected on a personal as well as a professional level. He likes to maintain his links with the people even though they are not working with the same organization any more. I believe that choosing Mr. Jack for this interview is also based on how well he has been able to bring confidence within his personality and how much people can learn from him and his actions. He is a thorough professional who b elieves in success and brings out the very best through his actions and behaviors on a daily basis. I asked Mr. Jack how he got along with people from different backgrounds and how he would cope with someone who was not easy to come by. I even asked him how he would react to changing policies of the organization which he believed would ransack the basis of association that existed between the organization and its employees. I inquired from Mr. Jack how he would go with the recent upsurge in downsizing by most organizations and what he would do to make sure that there was complete job security within his organization. I discerned the basis of his attachment with the recent trends and developments within the Human Resources field and what he shall do to make sure that everything remained in line with the policies of the land where the company existed. Lastly I requested Mr. Jack to let me know how he would foster positive ties with the people who have left the organization and hold so me form of resentment and disgruntled feelings (Saunders 2004). I learned quite a few things from what Mr. Jack had to tell me. He was forthright and candid about his approach towards doing things his way, which was in accordance with the rules and policies of the organization. He told me there was a great amount of growth within his field and anyone can take up the Human Resources arena to extract the best mileage out of his education. He even told me that a career switch towards the Human Resources field would bring in higher stakes in terms of money, an excellent profession and above all linkages with the people who hailed from different backgrounds and ethnicities. It even allowed an individual to learn new things and get acquainted with discussions which he had never put his eye upon. Mr. Jack was very comprehensive as far as the answering of his questions were concerned and I saw that his eye contact did not break even for a single second – which suggested for his hones ty which he was delivering through his verbal and nonverbal communication regimes. In the end, I would suggest that interviewing Mr. Jack was indeed something which can be regarded as a positive point for me. It helped me understand what a wonderful personality Mr. Jack is. It also assisted me in comprehending how he takes the different avenues of life in his

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Kundera shows himself both as a talented historian and psychologist. In well-structured, enchanting manner Kundera entraps his readers in the worlds of his novels. His creative works is a sign of ideological struggle of Czech intellectuals in the age of Stalinism. Kundera was a Communist himself when this ideology was born, but very soon he was expulsed from the Party and his career was threatened because of his innocent joke. From that moment Kundera in his novels used jokes, irony and sarcasm in order to show how innocent trifle can ruin lives. This research paper is focused on his two novels â€Å"The Joke† and â€Å"The Book of Laughter and Forgetting†. On the examples of these two works a transformation of Kundera from a scrutinizer of the past to a sarcastic mocker of the past is shown. Dualistic manner of Kundera’s writing is shown as a basis for his novels. Thus the writer talks about the past and the present; he shows realistic and nonrealistic main characters; depicts the gap between heroes’ beliefs and realities etc. His manner of writing is bipolar; in such a way Kundera supposedly wants to show the ambiguity of human lives. This ambiguity was well-discerned on the example of the age of Stalinism. People had to think and act in one way in their daily life, but in their conscious, hearts and souls they lived other lives. Destructive force of Stalinism is shown on the examples of Kundera’s main characters of these two main novels. Ludvik, Helena, Mirek, Tamina and others were destructed by the huge ‘Communist slaughter’. In order to assess their essence, analyze their past, these characters wander between self-analysis and revenge, between accusing them and the history of their lost lives. In these tragic turbulences echoes a destiny of Kundera. Therefore while reading these two novels it is possible to reveal the curtain of mysterious genius of

LEADERSHIP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

LEADERSHIP - Essay Example ording to the case study, "each had their own primary spheres of responsibility, but they all worked very closely together, doing whatever it took to get the job done" (Suesse 79). Todd Krasnow, in particular, seemed to embody three elements that were present and necessary for the effective evolution of this particular team: 1. optimism, 2. dedication, and 3. perspective. As Suesse phrased it, "Krasnows optimism, exceptional dedication, and "big picture" perspective often helped keep even the most heated debates substantive, rather than personal" (79). A major element that influenced the effective functioning of this core team can be designated under Bartolomà ©s number one guideline for building and maintaining trust--communication. According to Professor Bartolomà ©, one needs to "Keep team members and subordinates informed by explaining policies and decisions and providing accurate feedback" (Kreitner 408). Looking at Staples background, one sees that according to Suesse, "they [the founders core team] hashed out virtually every decision together, early on developing the discipline to back up their intuitions with hard data" (79). Other important guidelines for building trust among team members include support, respect, fairness, predictability and competence (Kreitner 408). One can see respect in the shared decision-making authority within this team, fairness in their willingness to "hash out" important decisions as equals, instead of a timeframe getting imposed from above, and competence in each members consummate professio nalism. One mistake that Lewis made with her transition to the marketing merger team fall under category number two: failed to build group cohesion and trust. This is often a problem when a manager makes a lateral transition into a new department. People within the new department have their own culture, rituals, and expectations. Lewis demonstrated a lack of sensitivity to these cultural variables when she challenged a marketing

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Literature Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Literature Review - Essay Example Kundera shows himself both as a talented historian and psychologist. In well-structured, enchanting manner Kundera entraps his readers in the worlds of his novels. His creative works is a sign of ideological struggle of Czech intellectuals in the age of Stalinism. Kundera was a Communist himself when this ideology was born, but very soon he was expulsed from the Party and his career was threatened because of his innocent joke. From that moment Kundera in his novels used jokes, irony and sarcasm in order to show how innocent trifle can ruin lives. This research paper is focused on his two novels â€Å"The Joke† and â€Å"The Book of Laughter and Forgetting†. On the examples of these two works a transformation of Kundera from a scrutinizer of the past to a sarcastic mocker of the past is shown. Dualistic manner of Kundera’s writing is shown as a basis for his novels. Thus the writer talks about the past and the present; he shows realistic and nonrealistic main characters; depicts the gap between heroes’ beliefs and realities etc. His manner of writing is bipolar; in such a way Kundera supposedly wants to show the ambiguity of human lives. This ambiguity was well-discerned on the example of the age of Stalinism. People had to think and act in one way in their daily life, but in their conscious, hearts and souls they lived other lives. Destructive force of Stalinism is shown on the examples of Kundera’s main characters of these two main novels. Ludvik, Helena, Mirek, Tamina and others were destructed by the huge ‘Communist slaughter’. In order to assess their essence, analyze their past, these characters wander between self-analysis and revenge, between accusing them and the history of their lost lives. In these tragic turbulences echoes a destiny of Kundera. Therefore while reading these two novels it is possible to reveal the curtain of mysterious genius of

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Comparative analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comparative analysis - Research Paper Example While both paintings are inspired by biblical readings, Michelangelo’s painting is from a story in the beginning of biblical times while Giotto’s painting is a vision of the end. Both paintings are divided in the middle, depicting opposites of events on either side. In the Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden, the image is divided by the controversial Tree of Knowledge, with the left side showing Adam and Eve enjoying the bliss of paradise while the right side showing them being ousted by an angel from the garden to fend for themselves. In Giotto’s Last Judgment, the image is likewise divided on the lower half with a cross dividing the picture into visions of those called to heaven and those thrown to hell. Both paintings show visions of the enjoyment of God’s grace as well as the consequences of sin. Michelangelo Buonarroti (1475-1564) was placed under the tutelage of a number of gifted artists ever since he was a young boy. Critics believe his work was influenced by the masters, Leonardo, Giotto and Poliziano. They were impressed by the boy’s extreme sensitivity, and his combination of energy and talent. Michelangelo was commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel by the Pope himself for his own personal worship space (awakentoprayer.org). The Fall and Expulsion from Garden of Eden is just one of the panels devoted to Creation. The flow of the story of the image is from left to right. On the left side, a relaxed couple is shown enjoying the fruit from the forbidden tree while the background denotes lush and abundance. The serpent entwines itself to the tree while tempting Adam and Eve. It symbolically divides the image denoting its representation of man’s separation from God’s graces as the couple is ousted from the garden. The right side shows total desolation and the look of frustration and regret in the couple’s faces while an angel drives them away (Web Gallery of Art). Giotto di Bondon e (1266-1337) is another renowned Italian artist whose works have been influenced by Pietro Cavallini, Nicola and Giovanni Pisano. In 1304, he began a series of 38 frescoes in the Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel in Padua which mostly depict biblical images His works builds up a rhythm from solemn and slow-moving to supremely forceful drama but are filled with compassion (Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia). He is also adept in the use of space, adding appropriate figures in the background culled from his own interpretation of the image making them powerful visions. In The Last Judgment, Giotto paints the top part to show heaven with Jesus in the middle and the apostles at both sides while the lower part shows the chosen that are blessed to enter the gates of heaven on the left side and the doomed that are sent to hell on the right side. Archangels Michael and Raphael are in the middle holding the cross (artbible.info). Ladis suggests that Giotto’s wit and humor is evident in his work especially in his treatment of hell in the painting. Those subjected to eternal damnation are depicted trying their best to escape their judgment but none can hide, as everyone is owned by Satan (586). Both artists are expert in capturing the emotions of the subjects and in turn, evoking the emotions of their viewers. Michelangelo has been known to be a master in the human form, and this shows

Barangay Community Record Essay Example for Free

Barangay Community Record Essay Introduction Information technology refers to the collection of tools that make it easier to use, create, manage and exchange information. One of the exciting ways in which the computer serve as a general service tool is in the field of information retrieval and operation, the search for facts which, together with the operations done on it, are stored in a central storage. Computer-based information retrieval operates through the use of software that can offer information services for an institution. An information service provides a way to electronically access, retrieve, and transmit that information. As for the moment, the barangay workers (Barangay Caramutan, La Paz, Tarlac) are using the manual process in most services the barangay is giving to its residents. For example, in keeping records and issuing the barangay clearance. The main problem concerning the barangay is that they do not have a centralized and accurate system for storing records they have for these are very important to them. How they will have a file maintenance system and will lessen the problem of works they usually do in getting, keeping and updating the files. To solve these problems, we proposed a system which is called BARANGAY COMMUNITY RECORD, which will be the file maintenance system of the barangay to be used in keeping their records. The proposed system will also be a census-like system of each resident of the barangay for each and every resident will now have an identification number containing their personal records. Project Context The proposed system will have an important result on both the residents of the barangay and barangay employees who manages the system as well as the barangay itself. The implementation of the system will change the methods and process that the barangay is being used for keeping their files. This will also ensure that all the records will be in tract and updated. The system will also create a census based environment to monitor the population of the locale. The barangay will also be guaranteed that the file will be protected and safe for it will require authorization before someone can access the system. The study will also benefit its employees who manage the files and information of the barangay for it will bring easy access of the data they need. This will also eliminates tons of papers they usually keep and allow the system to store it in such a way that can be easily access. The study also benefits its residence for they will be accommodated easily for they will have an identification that can be used to access their accounts if there are some changes to be done in their part. It will also be easy for them to easy demand some information and services because of the information that barangay have about them. This will also assure the residents that their information is correctly secured and maintain through the use of the proposed system. Purpose and description For the user to have a system that can help them OBJECTIVES 1. To turn manual system into modern system to the said barangay 2. To bring ease in accessing the records needed for there will be an option for searching with the use of identification number issued by the barangay. 3. To ensure that the file will securely store in the system and make a backup of the files if accident occurs. 4. To issue certification: * Barangay Clearance * Barangay Business Permit * Certificate of Indigency * BARC (Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee ) Certification Scope and limitation The study only deals with the information the barangay. This includes all the essential information of all the residents of the barangay. This information includes personal information and character reference of the person. Assets and medical record of each resident is not included as well as the use of biometrics in getting the barangay clearance. The proposed system can generate reports as the barangay usually done. The information stored can be edited if there are changes to be done and saves the changes being done. It can also delete information that is no longer needed to keep.

Monday, October 14, 2019

The Past, Present Future of Mäori Smokers

The Past, Present Future of Mà ¤ori Smokers Introduction Tobacco with the scientific name of Nicotiana tabacum is a plant known to originate on South America during prehistoric times and spread northward to North America. Long before Columbus discovered America 5000 years ago it was believed that the Native Americans already adapted, domesticated and refined the use of tobacco. Europeans and Spanish explorers spread tobacco to Europe and then to Asia including here in New Zealand, since then â€Å"tobacco is the fastest spreading plant in human history† (Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitchel, M. 2010). Native Americans first use this by shamans (medicine men) in sacred ceremonies by drying the leaves and smoking it in pipes. Tobacco have played an important role in the history, it is an important bartering product during the precolonial times and was one of the cause in the spread of slavery and the means to win the war for the independence of America. Now a days, many people all over the world use tobacco as a recreation despite the ma ny negative known effects from its use. People smoke tobacco because of its psychoactive effects which in turn relieve anxiety or a means of relaxation from stress and pressure, it stimulate the mind to be more active and sometimes cause hallucination; while most of the time people specifically the younger generations start to smoke to look mature, be like their friends and to experiment. By the time the younger generation becomes an adult, they become addicted and becomes their habit they cannot get away from in the long run. Tobacco smoking known to cause serious preventable diseases that could lead to death such as cancers of different kinds, heart diseases and stroke. This study will describe how did the Mà ¤ori people encounter tobacco smoking, the smoking trends of Mà ¤ori and lastly discuss the ways the government acts to these trends. The Beginning â€Å"Kai paipa† or literally mean eating pipe and â€Å"momi paipa† also means sucking pipe, this are the terms the early Mà ¤ori use to associate smoking but Mà ¤ori did not know tobacco smoking until 1700s when Europeans arrived in New Zealand. The first time they saw James Cook smoking a tobacco, the chief threw water over his head to see if his head was burning since smoke comes out of his mouth. He then told to the Mà ¤ori with him that if the water will put the fire out then he is human, if not then he is a demon and should be killed. After the water will run down his head, the wipe out the fire in the pipe, then it was decided that James Cook was indeed a human. Since then, tobacco was widely used as a standard trade item by 1800s. It was use a payment for Mà ¤ori (including children) for services and or as a form of gift in exchange of land and resources. By then Mà ¤ori of all gender and age become fond of tobacco smoking. Current Trends Currently there are 45.4 percent of Adult Mà ¤ori identified as smokers, this is more than two times the smoking rate of non- Mà ¤ori. 800 Mà ¤ori dies every year because of different smoking-related diseases which puts tobacco smoking as a leading cause of preventable death among Mà ¤ori in New Zealand (Ministry of Health 2009). Mà ¤ori adults have two times (women) and one and a half (men) the rate of smoking in total population. About 30 percent of Mà ¤ori women smoke during their pregnancy in New Zealand (Glover, M. et al. (2007). The number great numbers of Mà ¤ori smokers resulted to $260 million in tobacco taxes each year. Smoking during pregnancy can result to different kinds of complication to the unborn child. This complications are: Sudden infant syndrome (SIDS), premature labour and birth defects like spina bifida, cleft palate, clubfoot, congenital heart diseases and much more. Mà ¤ori begins to smoke at an average age of 14.6 years, but experimentation and initiation of smoking tobacco begins at the age of 10.7 years. On the other hand their non- Mà ¤ori counterparts initiates smoking at the age of 11.8 years old, much older than Mà ¤ori. (Paynter, J. 2008) in general, it is reported the youth got their tobacco by purchasing it themselves or from their friends and family. The rise of Mà ¤ori smokers in New Zealand subsequently also increase the number of Mà ¤ori that are exposed to second hand smoke. A report shows a 23 percent of Mà ¤ori are exposed to second hand smoke inside their homes while 10.9 percent for non- Mà ¤ori. 30.1 percent of Mà ¤ori exposed inside the car compared to 12.6 percent for their non- Mà ¤ori counterpart (New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006). The current trends suggest that the overall population in New Zealand, basing on ethnicity, the Mà ¤ori are much more inclined to smoking compared to other ethnicity. The current trend on Mà ¤ori smoking rates also resulted in a 22 percent of Mà ¤ori deaths that relates to smoking compared to non- Mà ¤ori which only have 20 percent of death rate (Peto, R. 2006). The Help The principle of the treaty of Waitangi says that the crown has a duty to actively protect the Mà ¤ori interest, the word â€Å"Mà ¤ori interest† includes the health and safety. The needs of both Mà ¤ori and the wider community must be met. Health must be available to all and treat everyone â€Å"equally†. On health promotion and health programs, Mà ¤ori should get involve in the planning, delivery and monitoring in partnership with the governing body and non-government organizations for it to be successful. The Ministry of health of New Zealand set 3 objectives basing on the current trends of smoking. These are: to reduce smoking initiation, to increase quitting and lastly to reduce exposure to second-hand smoke. Different programs and promotions were establish to attain these objectives. Some of this programs/projects are: (Ministry of Health 2014) National Quit Month Is provided by ASH New Zealand (Action on Smoking and Health), this project is a national campaign with the aim to create sixty-five thousand quit attempts with the help of different networks of professionals, media, commercial or business partners and other organizations. WERO (Group stop smoking competition) Auckland UniServices are providing this project. In the project, different ethnic groups in New Zealand, including Mà ¤ori and Pacific peoples compete for the most number of smoke quitters. This is with the help of different smoking cessation provider and coach. The project hopes to initiate mass quitting, because this groups are competitive in nature. Campaign to enhance smoking cessation interventions in general practice – This project focuses on the primary care sector. This is project utilizes different kinds of media like video to present information on tobacco smoking and the ways to prevent or stop this addiction. Incentives for Pregnant women to Stop Smoking – due to an increase number of smoking pregnant women, this project will focus on the younger generation. This project will teach and guide them through intensive support and incentives like vouchers given to successful participants. Supporting Smokefree Intersectorally – Provided by Counties Manukau DHB, this projects supports smoking cessation non-government agencies or organizations in the places with greatest need primarily in the place of Counties Manukau. Quit Bus – A mobile bus which travels to different regions, especially to areas that is hard to reach. This bus will provide support with the people who wish to stop smoking. Shifting the Culture in Mental Heal Services This project aims to improve the mind-set of the current acceptance level and the encouragement of smoking. This includes the research and development of guidelines and takes it into action in the primary site. Smoke free Movement – This project provided by Massey University focuses on youth to create a smoke free movement. This includes different competitions like designing of smoke free applications or software, video blogs and video documentaries about smoking. Back to the Future: Preserving our People through Performance – This project is provided by National Heart Foundation – Tala Pasifica. This project uses the conventional methods know to different cultures or traditional methods of communication. These are though entertainment, storytelling, humour and dance. Modern ways of spreading information are fully utilize like Facebook and online blogging. Taking NRT Direct to Smokers – University of Otago is the provider of this project. This project focuses on giving smokers an opportunity to try Medsafe-approved nicotine replacement. Used as a therapy to stop smoking. This will give the smokers motivation and inspiration to quit tobacco smoking. References Broughton, J. (1996). Puffing up a storm:‘Kapai tetorori!’Dunedin: Ngai Tahu Maori Health Research Unit, Dept. of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago. Herrick, C., Herrick, C., Mitchell, M. (2010). 100 Questions Answers About How to Quit Smoking (pp 2-4). Sudbury, Massachusetts. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Lange, R. (1999)May the people live: a history of Maori health development 1900–1920. Auckland: Auckland University Press. Barnett, R. Pearce, J. Moon, G. (2004). Does socialinequality matter? Changing ethnic socio-economic disparities and Maori smoking in New Zealand, 1981-1996 Broughton, J. (1996). Puffing Up a Storm; Volume I –â€Å"Kapai te torori!† Dunedin: University of Otago Ministry of Health. 2009. Tobacco Trends 2008: A brief update of tobacco use in New Zealand. Wellington. Ministry of Health. Blakely T, Fawcett J, Hunt D, Wilson N. (2006). What is the contribution of smoking and socioeconomic position to ethnic inequalities in mortality in New Zealand? Lancet2006; 368: p. 44-52. Peto, R., Lopez, A.D., Boreham, J., Thun, M. Deaths From Smoking, Mortality From Smoking In Developed Countries 1950-2000 (2nd edition, revised June 2006) Glover M et al. (2007) Cessation support for pregnantwomen who smoke: A survey of New Zealand general practitioners and midwives. Auckland: University of Auckland Paynter, J. (2008). National Year 10 ASH Snapshot Survey, 1999-2008: Trends in tobacco use by students aged 14-15 years. New Zealand Tobacco Use Survey 2006, Wellington:Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 2014. Smokefree New Zealand 2025 Innovation Funding – Successful Projects. Wellington. Ministry of Health. â€Å"

Saturday, October 12, 2019

How successful is Dickens in his presentation of female characters? :: Free Essay Writer

How successful is Dickens in his presentation of female characters? There are many female characters in Great Expectations, but most of them are quite incidental and of no great significance to the plot. Some of them however are essential to the story and play a large part in the plot. Miss Havisham, combined with Estella are the people who are the ‘snobby’ influence in Pips life, they seem to become desirable characters to Pip after he meets them for the first time at Satis house. Their values do battle with his own at the end of chapter 9; the values that Miss Havisham and Estella have introduced to him, and Joe's humanistic values that he has grown up with. Questions have been raised over whether Miss Havisham and Estellas are believable as actual characters. Miss Havisham can be described as over-dramatised as a decaying part of a decaying house where time has been suspended. She is calculated and spiteful almost to unrealistic odds. There is also a hint of witchery in her character, evident in chapter 29 where she tells Pip to love Estella; â€Å" ‘If she tears your heart to pieces - and as it gets older and stronger, it will tear deeper - love her, love her, love her!’................it could not have sounded from her lips more like a curse.† This passage, where Miss Havisham is charged with almost a sexual ene rgy, is quite frightening to the young Pip. She has created Estellas to wreak her own revenge on men, and is successful in this, but in the process becomes devoted to Estella herself, and then feels pain when Estella cannot return her feelings as she has been rendered ‘heartless’ by Miss Havisham's upbringing. The fact that she shows remorse at the end of the book gives her character an added depth, and therefore most people feel she becomes more realistic. She is a victim of her own creation, and a figure of pity. We first meet Estellas as a quite nasty child, very aware of how her class makes her ‘better’ than most people. She enjoys Pips pain and humiliation when he visits Satis house, and enjoys putting him down due to his â€Å"labourers hands† and â€Å"coarse boots†. In the true style of a young lady of her class of the time she is sent abroad to a ‘finishing’ school, and returns to her dà ©butante in London, once again meeting Pip.

Friday, October 11, 2019

How to Make Draft Essay from This Outline

COMM 180Winter 2013Karen Crawford Hill Research Essay Outline—Due Week 7 Student Name & Number: Amandeep Cheema 300673568 Topic Number: (from assignment sheet): 2 Topic Name: (demonstrate your understanding by briefly explaining the topic in your own words, e. g. , characterization, theme, plot, social message/interpretation, etc. ) A theme is a piece of writing, a talk, or a discussion of an important idea or subject that run through it.In another word we can say that a theme is the central idea or ideas explored by a literary work and in order to identify the theme of the story, we need to composite, or assemble, the aspects of imagination that we gathered from investigation, and regard the story as a whole Relevant Textbook Unit(s): (identify the Unit number and name from SAU that relates to your chosen topic. Note: this is not necessarily the same unit in which your stories appear): Unit 2 â€Å"Types of characters† (p. 35), Unit 2 â€Å"Characterization† (p. 37), Unit 4 â€Å"Cultural and social setting† (p. 15), Unit 6 â€Å"Theme and interpretation† (p. 190). Primary Sources: (Required—two stories from Stories About Us) 1. A Handful of Dates 2. The Stolen Party Draft Main Points: (3 points, each relating to both stories) 1. The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. 2. The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. 3. Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier.Draft Thesis Statement: (1—2 sentences; include subject, readings, and main points) The author of the story â€Å"A Handful of Dates† and the author of the story â€Å"The Stolen Party† are from different culture but treat a common theme of disillusionment. In my opinion characterization, experiences, and consequences are the most important aspec ts of these two stories. Planned Development: (Identify support from primary sources for main points; expand table by adding rows or sections as necessary) Point 1: (briefly restate your main point): The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters.Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples| Page| The strange thing was he never use to go out go out with his father, rather it was my grandfather. | 21 (5)| â€Å"Rich people go to Heaven too,† said the girl, who studied religion at school. | 27 (5)| Unlike other children, he used to love to go to the mosque to learn the Koran. | 22 (10)| â€Å"Get away with Heaven,† said the mother. â€Å"The problem with you, young lady, is that you like to fart higher than your ass. †| 27 (10)| As for his beard, it was soft and luxuriant and as white as cotton-wool—never in my life have I seen anything of a purer whiteness or great beauty. 22 (25)| Rosaure loved everything i n the big house and she also loved the people who lived there. | 28 (25)| | | | | Point 2: (briefly restate your main point): The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples| Page| â€Å"Yes my boy, forty years ago all this belonged to Masood-two-thirds of it is now mine. † | 23 (55)| Rosaura was the only one allowed into the kitchen. | 29 (55)| â€Å"I didn’t own a single feddan when I first set foot in this village.Masood was then the owner of all these riches. | 23 (60)| Rosaura felt she had never been so happy in all her life. | 30 (95)| He remembered that Masood remark to him â€Å"Palm trees, my boy, like humans, experience joy and suffering. † And I had felt an inward and unreasoned embarrassment. | 24 (100)| Rosaura thought that this was truly the most amusing party in the whole world. | 30 (115)| I looked at Masood and saw tha t his eyes were darting about to left and right like two mice that have lost their way home. | 25 (130)| | |Point 3: (briefly restate your main point): Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples| Page| Story 2 Examples| Page| I felt myself drawing close to Masood. | 25 (135)| Rosaura also leaned forward, stretching out her arm. But she never completed the movement. | 32 (175)| For some unknown reason, I experienced a sharp sensation of pain in my chest. | 25 (140)| â€Å"You really and truly earned this,† she said handing them over. â€Å"Thank you for all your help, my pet. †| 32 (180)| I felt at that moment that I hated him. 25 (140)| Rosaura felt her arms stiffen, stick close to her body, and then she noticed her mother’s hand on her shoulder. | 32 (180)| Then, without knowing why, I put my finger into my throat and spewed up the dates I’d eaten. | 25 (145)| Rosaura’s eyes had a c old, clear look that fixed itself on Senora Ines’s face. | 32 (185)| Secondary Sources: (Required—identify at least 2 appropriate, i. e. , literature specific, sources with APA documentation) 1. Hassan, W. S. (2003). Tayeb Salih: Ideology & the craft of fiction. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press. 2.Diaz, G. (2007). Women and power in Argentine literature: Stories, interviews, and critical essays. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. 3. Dasgupta, G. , & Mei, J. , J. (2005). Character and characterization. In G. Dasgupta & J. J. Mei (Eds. ), Stories about us (pp. 37). Toronto, ON: Nelson. 4. Liliana Heker. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Retrieved from Literature Resource Center. 5. Khan, R. Y. (2001). Childhood and modern Arabic literature: The initiation story. Arabic & Middle Eastern Literatures, 4(2), 167-178. doi:10. 1080/13666160120057277OPTIONAL: Other Possible Secondary Sources: (Optional: secondary sources from program course material or GNED 500 material, or other non-literature-specific sources, with APA documentation) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Planned Development: (Identify support for main points; expand table by adding rows or sections) Note: At this stage of essay development, it is not necessary to complete all sections of this table, but you should provide at least one item of secondary source support for each of your main points) Point 1: (briefly restate your main point): The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Sup port| Page| Masood, like Sheikh, is a loving and kind-hearted man who is deeply attached to his palm trees. (Diaz, G. 2007, p. 33)| 33| Implicit presentation of characters in action which is used primarily through dialogue and action of characters in a story (Dasgupta, G. , & Mei, J. , J. , 2005, p. 38) | | 38| | | | | Point 2: (briefly restate your main point): The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| He has so far imagined that the field and playground â€Å"belonged to my grandfather ever since God’s creation,† turn out to have belonged to Masood(Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 4)| 34| Her memories of her childhood are quite clear and insightful- perhaps the reason for the numerous stories she had written about children. (Hassan, W. S. , 2003, p. 185) | | 185| | | | | | | | | Point 3: (bri efly restate your main point): Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support| Page| It is a fall from childhood innocence that comes about with knowledge. (Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 34)| 34| What she discovers is that she has just begun her own training in servitude. (â€Å"Liliana Heker,† 2003, para. 2) | | | | | | | | | | | |

Thursday, October 10, 2019

Family Essay Essay

Bridge to Wiseman’s Cove – Freedom Essay by Callum Powell 8A The phrase to â€Å"set himself free† is used a lot throughout a bridge to Wiseman’s cove, whether it is to do with family issues or just common everyday tasks. Carl is constantly trying to let himself free and sometimes succeeds but other times doesn’t. Some examples are that if he’ll see his mother or every stop looking after his little brother Harley. Throughout â€Å"A bridge Wisemans cove† he goes through a mental journey facing evil family member (usually Beryl) and friends. An example of setting himself free is at the end of the novel where throughout the book where he has been looking after Harley, feeding him, caring for him and most importantly keeping him out of trouble. Such as when Harley is caught stealing from the local store, by the time he gets back to Aunt Beryl’s house she lashes out and threatens to kick Harley out but Carl intervenes and give Beryl some of the money that Sarah gave him earlier on in the book so that she can be kind to Harley. So by the end of the book when Harley moves in with the Duncan’s. Carl feels a sense of relief and freedom, because he no longer has the responsibility for Harley and he no longer has to worry about him. â€Å"â€Å"When Beryl chains Harley up, Carl finds the courage to confront her at the bowls club where she has been all day playing the pokies. If you’d stayed with him, kept an eye on him, if you cared about him, he wouldn’t get into trouble. † This is another part of the book where Carl â€Å"sets himself free† he finally sets free how much he despises aunt Beryl, she has been mean and cruel to them and trying to find any reason to kick them out. So this is when Carl sets free how he feels and puts his foot down. Another example of setting himself free is also at the end of the book when Carl finds out that whilst on her way home from her ‘holiday’ Kerry died in a bus crash. â€Å"Carl Matt opened up too, letting go and feeling a freedom flood into him †¦ he knew at last that he was alive to feel it† (page 241) this moment was probably one of the biggest revelations for Carl as he finally felt the sense of freedom as he was always wondering when his mum would return or if she would return. So when he finally finds out that his mother had died of course he felt sad and depressed but at the same time he felt closure and freedom as he didn’t have to worry about her or didn’t have to always be thinking of if she will come and pick him up. This is a very important part of the novel as the premise of the book is based on family and love but Carl and Harley don’t have either all they have is each other so when they find out their mum is dead it hits them hard but also sets them free. One last example of letting himself free is whilst Carl is working at Skips barge. Because working on the barge helps Carl get away from all his troubles and more importantly the people that don’t accept him such as Beryl. Whilst working on the barge Carl finds the freedom to try a lot of new things. â€Å"You love that barge, don’t you, Carl? †¦You’re the best thing that could have happened. † Finally people were starting to notice Carl, then he had the freedom to show himself. Throughout the book he was shown as a very shy, lonely and awkward kid who didn’t know many people and didn’t really talk or try to communicate with them. â€Å"Carl shared in†¦the freedom of the bird itself. Elation, freedom. He felt them both† (page 158) in some sense Carl wished that he was the bird so that he could fly away from all of his problems ad just leave them all behind. Although Carl keeps working at the barge by the end of the book he still senses a feel of freedom being away from everyone and having somewhere just to relax and forget all of your troubles. To conclude Carl found many ways to find freedom whether it was mental or emotional freedom. The ways he exampled freedom in the text were standing up to Aunt Beryl for Harleys sack, working at the local barge and finally he having the freedom to stop worrying about is mother as he didn’t know she died on her way back home. So by the end of the novel Carl found the freedom for a lot of things and didn’t regret any of the decisions he made.

Experimental Hypnosis

Hypnosis is defined as â€Å"A trancelike state resembling sleep, usually induced by a therapist by focusing a subject's attention, that heightens the subject's receptivity to suggestion. The uses of hypnosis in medicine and psychology include recovering repressed memories, modifying or eliminating undesirable behavior (such as smoking), and treating certain chronic disorders, such as anxiety† (American Heritage, 2012). Its name comes from the Greek language â€Å"hypnos† meaning sleep. Hypnosis is a natural state of mind.This state of mind is known as hyper- suggestibility where a subject is more prone to change if guided by the hypnotherapist in the direction of his desire. While in this hyper- suggestible state, the mind has the power to change an association, get rid of old pains or accept new behaviors. The first to start studying the use of hypnosis was Franz Anton Mesmner in 1700, a Swiss medical doctor that noticed that patients with pains responded very well to inductions of sleep, which allowed them to lower their pains. A revision of Mesmer’s theories was made by the English Doctor James Braid.He coined the name hypnosis, and that is why he is regarded as the father of hypnosis. Dr. Braid used hypnosis extensively in his medical practice. Sigmund Freud also used hypnosis and was impressed by the therapeutic potential of hypnosis for neurotic disorders, but his focus on the mysterious element of sexual nature made him abandon it for psychoanalysis, and with the beginning of psychoanalysis the focus on hypnosis started to decline. In 1958 the American Medical Association recognized hypnosis as a legitimate cure in medicine.In May 2001, at the Australian Medical Association, Dr.  K Phelps stated, â€Å"as evidence emerges that some complementary medicines are effective, then it becomes ethically impossible for the medical profession to ignore them† (Cowen, 2004). In this statement she is referring to some alternative medici ne practices including hypnosis. The mind is the power behind it all, and hypnosis guides this power to heal mind, body and soul; thus hypnosis is a useful tool to cure mental disorders. Hypnosis should be used more often in psychological treatment because it is an effective, safe and proven tool.Hypnosis was proved to be effective by several Doctors and therapists in the field. It all started with Mesmer and his animal magnetism. He noticed that by passing his hands close to the body to allow the â€Å"magnetic fluid† to flow from his fingertips into the client’s body, he could restore balance and health, and it only took three sessions for a diseased person to heal. People were amazed by how clients would be cured from incurable conditions, but Mesmer clashed with the medical field when a client cured of blindness relapsed. Then he moved to Paris where he practiced magnetism.James Braid was an English surgeon and writer on hypnotism. He is the one that coined the nam e hypnosis and demonstrated that it was not animal magnetism, but it was just achieved by suggestion. His writings are what led to future research and development of hypnosis and the investigation of what was later called the unconscious mind (E. Hilgard, 1984). Milton Erickson, the founder of Hypnocounseling, was a major influence in practices of counseling and psychotherapy, and his methods are without doubt the fasted growing in the western world in the field of psychotherapy.He was also one of the most prominent founders of neurolinguistic programming (NLP). He was also very influential in the in family and brief systemic therapy model of the Mental Health Research Institute. His work has been so original and creative that he was nicknamed â€Å"Mr. Hypnosis† (Gunnison, H. , 1990). He also was the founder and first president of the American Society for Clinical Hypnosis, as well as the first editor of its journal. Erickson goal was to give back to their clients their pers onal power and control over their lives with the use of â€Å"implied directive language.†Instead of saying, â€Å"Sit back in the chair, relax, and listen to my voice†, he would say: â€Å"You can sit back in the chair and you might even relax and listen to my voice. † â€Å"The word can suggests that you have the ability to sit back in your chair and also sets up an implied choice, that ‘you can choose to sit back in the chair, if you want to-or not’† (Gunnison, H. , 1990). â€Å"The use of words such as can, might, could, and possibly makes for communication that remains tentative, open, highly respectful of the client’s world and wishes, and implying client choice and power.IDL exists at the heart of hypnocounseling. † (Gunnison, H. , 1990). His hypnotic language was focused on enabling the clients to believe that they could change, since the root of all people’s problem is that they do not know how to change and they do not think they can change. But Erickson knew that changing is easy; the way to make it happen is for the person to believe they can change and to make a â€Å"choice,† to make the â€Å"decision† to change. Without that permission the mind will always keep the old program because the subconscious mind follows orders and past decisions like a slave.It will not change because one hopes to change or because one wants to change. It only changes when one tells it to change, when one makes that important decision like: I decided to quit smoking; I am doing it today; I decided to let go of all past hurts and to be happy now; I choose to be a success regardless of what others think of me, and so on. In order to enable the client Erickson would use suggestions such as: â€Å"You can begin to change when you choose implies that you have the ability to change and the presupposition denotes, of course, that you will when you choose to.This is an effective strategy for changin g perceptions† (Gunnison, H. , 1990). Another of his powerful suggestions is: â€Å"You can now curiously take this time to wonder about different ways to change. Isn’t it exciting to realize that you have the power to choose different ways of being? † (Gunnison, H. , 1990) (The italicized words will be said with a higher or lower tone of voice to emphasize them. Another successful technique is called Reframing. â€Å"Reframing represents the idea that individuals can â€Å"break out of limiting misconceptions to a broader understanding of human possibilities† (Gunnison, H., 1990).A picture will look totally different in a pink frame or in a black frame. In order to accomplish this, Erickson would use techniques like: â€Å"You know I can hear your sadness and loss and at the same time I sense a very deep courage inside of you that you can draw upon. Isn’t it interesting that we can discover strengths we didn’t realize we had during times o f travail and pain? † (Gunnison, H. , 1990). Hypnosis is safe. The general belief about hypnosis is that the hypnotist will be in control of the client’s mind while under hypnosis.The truth is that every form of hypnosis is a form of self-hypnosis where the hypnotist just guides the client to let go of the old associations and accept new ones. The heightened concentration created by hypnosis makes resource retrieval and association easier for the client's Adult and Child. Hypnosis allows the client to effortlessly shift attention to supportive ego states and build strong associations between each of them and offers the resources the Child needs to maintain the re-decision†(Singer, W. B. , 1952).Change is a much easier process under hypnosis, where the mind is more suggestible and open to change than during the wakening state where the mind is protecting itself from change. The way the session works is that the hypnotist tests responsiveness to find out the level o f susceptibility with suggestibility techniques. The session starts with the induction technique that allows the client to enter the hypnotic state; deepening techniques are then used to facilitate a deeper state of hypnosis and therefore of susceptibility.While the client is in this deeper state, the hypnotist will use hypnotic suggestions to attempt to create new associations in the client’s mind while allowing old unwanted associations to be removed. There are many things the hypnotist can do while the client is in this state. A very successful technique is the abreaction extinction technique. This technique is very useful for people that had small or big traumas that created a mental or psychosomatic scar. This metaphorical â€Å"scar† is the one responsible, most of the time, for client’s disorders like depression, anxiety, guilt and sabotaging behavior, addictions, and so on.The abreaction happens when the hypnotist asks the subconscious mind to bring up a significant emotional event that hurt and caused the particular issue that the client wants fixed. The subconscious will bring up an image of an event or a memory that created the problem in the first place. The hypnotist can then extinguish the cause and create new associations to replace it. I had a personal experience with this last one where for nine years I suffered from debilitating, atrocious pain cramps from periods. While I was under hypnosis and I was asked for the memory to come up, a memory actually did come up.It was an event that was not that big a deal for me, but as soon as I saw that memory in my mind I thought: I must have done something wrong to deserve this. This was a phrase that continuously I would never even think about having, but my subconscious did. The skilled hypnotist removed that association and two days later I was shopping with no period cramps, something that never happened in the previous nine years. Another technique that is quite a success is th e switching technique. In this technique the clients are asked to remember an event where they felt how they would like to feel today.For a person that was happy and then got depressed, or for a person that was successful and then got broke, this is a very useful technique. The reason why is that many people are happy as they grow up; as kids they play, and their parents take care of the bills and protect them from harm, and everything is wonderful. One day, as grown ups, they get a bad experience. The husband dies, they lose their business or their home, somebody steals from them, and the clients start developing mental distortions or disorders or even start suffering from psychosomatic diseases.With this technique the hypnotist can easily re-create the old association in the client’s mind by simply switching the bad association with the old new one. The clients will then be back to the old happy people they wanted to continue to be. At the end the clients are slowly awakene d. One of the best and most powerful hypnotic techniques is the post-hypnotic suggestion technique. This was greatly used in the Veterans Administration Hospital, Vancouver, Washington, where there were very few beds available and many requests for them.Therefore the hospital adopted the use of hypnotherapy to speed up the improvement of their patients in order to free beds quickly. Patients were given post-hypnotic suggestions that when they were coming to group meetings they were going to discuss their problems and have a high level of motivational participation allowing their patients to improve faster. (Singer, W. B. , 1952). One of the most amazing post-hypnotic suggestion is the one used to change neuron pathways. For example, people that have addictions have automatic responses to triggers. They smoke after dinner, in the car, after class and so on.They have created a habit. In this case the hypnotist gives a post-hypnotic suggestion to reverse the habit. A good suggestion wo uld be: Every time you finish eating, you just enjoy the flavors in your mouth and even if you think about smoking a cigarette, you can’t, so go back to the things you need to be doing. In this post-hypnotic suggestion the clients will be amazed to see that after dinner they will try to go for the cigarette, but they will refuse it. In some hard cases the suggestion would be: Every time you put a cigarette to your mouth you experience that bad taste in your mouth as if it were puke.Of course the client needs to give permission to this suggestion, but it is very successful and many clients, as soon as they put their cigarette in their mouth, they literally will puke: That is how powerful the suggestion is. Another example of post-hypnotic suggestion is people will experience a bad event which will trigger them to become depressed, and days later they forget about the event, but still feel depressed not knowing why. In these cases the hypnotist gives a post-hypnotic suggestion that every time there is a bad event, they can still feel good and move on.Therefore, clients that are in hard life situations and still are able to handle them with a smile on their face, because the suggestion has been programmed and the mind no longer accepts being sad from outside forces. Another very useful post-hypnotic suggestion is for people that focus on problems. The mind can focus on either negative or positive, either problems or solutions. It can only think one thing at the time; therefore if people think about the problem, the mind would not give them a solution.At the same time, if the person focuses on the negative, the mind would not be able to think of the positive; hence, the person focusing on the negative will start to become depressed because the mind only sees negative. This could be represented in John Milton’s quote, â€Å"The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of hell, a hell of heaven†. In this case the post-hypnotic sugg estion would create an auto response that every time the person starts to think negative or problems, the mind will quickly just focus on solutions, focus on the positive while fixing the problem.The amazing fact is that this is all it takes to cure depression in a few sessions. This is confirmed by many therapists. One of them, Elke Kellis, wrote that the use of hypnosis has been well documented and is highly effective for depression. â€Å"Hypnosis can be useful in deepening and enhancing particular cognitive interventions such as cognitive restructuring, increasing confidence, coping better with life’s challenges, shifting focus from failure to successes, enhancing a sense of control, improving relaxation, and increasing frustration tolerance† (Kellis, E., 2011).Also, Assen Alladin from the University of Calgary Medical School, Alberta, Canada â€Å"advanced six clinical reasons for using hypnosis in treating depression: hypnosis a) amplifies subjective experience; b) serves as a powerful method for interrupting symptomatic patterns; c) facilitates experiential learning; d) helps to bridge and contextualize responses; e) provides different and more flexible models of inner reality and f) helps to establish focus of attention†. (Alladin, A. , 2010).Hypnosis could cure most people’s problems if the medical field would turn to what really works, rather than synthetic chemicals. In order to do that there needs to be a clear goal in the medical field: find the solution for each patient. This requires too much time and money and doctors need to care a great lot about their patients to switch to something more time and money consuming when they can resort to the lazy, cheap, money building â€Å"magic pill†. Therefore hypnosis is still not as widespread as other therapies.It has been disappearing for the same reason home cooking and exercise have been disappearing. Less work is what people will choose first. As Roberto A. Ingram M. D. states: â€Å"If hypnosis was as respected as morphine, it would become a tremendous weapon in the physician’s armamentarium. † (P. G. O'C. , 1998) â€Å"Hypnosis has been receiving increased attention in the medical literature. It has been considered for use in acute pain management along with a variety of disease states† (P. G. O'C. , 1998).The article â€Å"Hypnotic Analgesia Affects the Processing of Painful Stimuli,† published by the Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, describes some interesting findings: â€Å"Different brain mechanisms are involved in the processing of painful stimuli under hypnotic analgesia and attentional distraction instructions and support previous research findings that the differentiation of behavioral, subjective and electrophysiological responses may be a result of a dissociation between the processing of sensory information and the cognitive evaluation of that information† (Williams, J.D . , Croft, R. J. , Ferdinand, J. J. , & Gruzelier, J. H. , 2011).Hypnosis is a powerful tool in medicine. According to Hammond (2008) hypnosis is so powerful that in the 1800s James Esdaile, an English surgeon stationed in India, did open heart surgery with the sole use of hypnosis as an anesthesia. â€Å"This historic example †¦ provides powerful documentation of the ability of the mind to influence the body†. (Hammond, D. , 2008)Hypnosis is also very effective in the cure of psychosomatic diseases. Many empirical facts prove this, as in the Canadian article â€Å"Treatment of psychosomatic disorders†: â€Å"Many years ago ‘I made wide use of hypnosis for the removal of psychosomatic symptoms ‘by direct suggestion as well as for abreactive purposes. The results obtained in cases of monosymptomatic hysteria were encouraging. In patients with organ neuroses and in those with psychosomatic structural diseases†. (Wittkower, E. , 1964).Hypnotherapy is very successful in curing many diseases, and most of the diseases are psychosomatic (American Medical Association stated that 90% of diseases are indeed psychosomatic). Physicians should do more of it instead of using drugs that have high price tags and terrible side effects. However, it is more profitable and less time consuming to just give a pill that gives the effect the person wants, rather then using time and money to find the source of the problem and eradicate it.In conclusion, hypnosis is the power the heals mind, body and soul. It is a tool that has been researched for years, starting from Messner, a medical doctor in Austria, continuing with with James Braid a surgeon that gave it its name and with Erickson which created many methodologies and suggestions that were highly effective in the cure of mental and physical disorders.Hypnosis gives the therapist the ability to guide the client to remove old negative patterns with the use of abre action extinction techniques an d to replace it with positive association that will in the long run allow the client to be who he/she wants to be and also to lower stress which will improve overall health. Hypnosis is a proven tool to let go of addictions and to cure many mental and physical disorders and the world needs to be informed of its powers in order to get back in charge of its health. There is no â€Å"magic pill†; people need to cure themselves with the possible alternative tools that are out there.