Middle School Is Not The Easiest Time - 1909 Words

Gnome Good I don’t think that I will ever be able to forget middle school. For me, middle school was not the easiest time in my life. I had just moved to a new town and I wasn’t the best at making friends. Trying to form new friendships, while also starting middle school was not an easy task. I had just started the sixth grade at a new school, with new faces, new classrooms, and a new teacher. I had a typical schedule for a sixth grader, nothing too difficult. Social Studies, Science, Gym, Math, and my least favorite, English. Although I enjoy English now, I can’t say that I always have. At that point in my life, English was something that I was not good at and thought I would never be good at. I worked hard in class and tried my best, but†¦show more content†¦As a sixth-grader, I had what Dweck refers to as a fixed mindset. In her TED Talk The Power of Yet, Dweck states, â€Å"if you get a failing grade, you think, I’m nothing, I’m nowhere†. I n other words, Dweck believes that students that do not receive the grade they want, immediately consider themselves failures. The concept of failure is prominent in an excerpt from On Writing, by Stephen King, a popular writer from Maine. King states, â€Å"Now that I was away from the administrative offices of Lisbon High, I felt able to muster a little honesty. I told Mr. Gould that I didn’t know much about sports†. In making this statement, King leads us to believe that he is afraid of failing. Similar to Dweck’s idea of fixed mindset, King presents a fixed mindset towards his ability to write about sports. King is afraid of failure and is, therefore, afraid of letting Mr. Gould down. Even as an 11-year-old in middle school, I struggled with the idea of failing, and I think that is why I was so afraid to have my narrative critiqued. I could not accept failure. â€Å"Interesting†, she said as she read my story. â€Å"This makes absolutely no sense; you have gone from one place to another without any explanation as to how your characters got there.† Laughing, she remarked, â€Å"Courtney, this is gnome good!† My face got hot and I raged with anger, in that moment, I felt complete hatred for my English teacher. In my mind, I was a failure. I wanted soShow MoreRelatedMiddle School Is Not The Easiest Time1894 Words   |  8 PagesGnome Good I don’t believe that I will ever be able to forget middle school. For me, middle school was not the easiest time in my life. I had just moved to a new town and I wasn’t the best at making friends. Trying to form new friendships, while also starting middle school was not an easy task. I had just started the sixth grade at a new school, with new faces, new classrooms, and a new teacher. I had a typical schedule for a sixth grader, nothing too difficult. Social Studies, Science, Gym, MathRead MoreExplain What Is Meant by Cultural Deprivation and How It May Affect Achievement?892 Words   |  4 Pageselaborated code is the middle class’ respected code whereas the restricted code is the working class’ simple non educated way of speech. These linguistic codes were said to be correlated with class differences in family organization,  power and control. The elaborated code of the middle class is institutionalized in schools. This results in ‘culturally in duced backwardness’ among working-class children, this clearly affects achievement in children and makes a clear divide between middle and working classRead MoreMy Experience With My Family861 Words   |  4 Pageschildhood I remember happy experience and how happy my family. For me that happiness lasted until about when I was in sixth grade because it was the time my parents were going through a divorce. I understood that they stuck together until sister and I were old enough to understand. 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Unfortunately, what it looks like right now, if you are born into a family in the bottom fifth, you roughly have a 30% chance of reaching middle fifth or higher. However, if you are born into a family in the top fifth, you have 80% chance of ending up at least in the middle fifth. Something else that is unfair, it is when the children becoming adults and when it’s time to getRead MoreEssay on Personal Narrative- The Fatal Car Accident856 Words   |  4 Pageslike the hundredth time that evening. I answer it with a snap of annoyance. My best friend, Stephanie, on the other end, does not respond to my welcome with the usual What are you doin g? I immediately know something is wrong. This time, her response is Who, at school, drives a white Honda CRX? Stephanie proceeds to explain the fatal car accident she is driving past on Interstate 81. I begin to think. Most people at school park in the same spot everyday. I suppose the easiest way to figure outRead MoreTeen Pregnancy is a Growing Problem in the United States1084 Words   |  4 Pagesdiseases and health problems there is one in particular that is rooted deep within my hometown. I am a part of the graduating class of 2013 from Seaside high school, located in a tourist town on the northern Oregon coast, where according to the United States Census Bureau the median income as of 2012 was $24,201 (table 1).I remember in high school there was always a girl I knew who was pregnant, but it was not until recently when I noticed so many of my classmates and friends announcing due dates. AccordingRead MoreAndrew Jackson 3 Essays1624 Words   |  7 PagesJackson did not have the easiest childhood while growing up, his father had died and his mother had to raise him and his siblings. Through Andrew Jackson’s entire presidency, he endured trials in a different way from the other presidents. Unlike other presidents, Andrew Jackson was a war hero. He loved America, and had a major role in shaping it. Andrew Jackson was different from all of the other presidents in many ways. Andrew Jackson was the greatest president of all time because of his bravery andRead MoreBlack Holes For College Tuition1069 Words   |  5 Pagesisn’t the easiest or how watching their fights escalate to physicality in one night isn’t a ten year old girl’s favorite thing to see. I could tell you how custody battles are black holes for college tuition and very frustrating, especially the seven year long ones with no foreseeable end. I could tell you how waking up to find that just upstairs your mom had died laying next to your two younger brothers isn’t the easiest news to hear and how moving in with your grandma and going to a new school yourRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter1006 Words   |  4 Pages Integrity is doing the right thing when no one is looking despite the consequences that may transpire from performing the action. In today’s society we tend to look at the easiest way to complete a task or the easiest way to make money despite employing the use of integrity. Your value of integrity typically portrays what type of person you are. The people you social with have an immense impact on your value of integrity. Integrity is the value you put on life, which is typically determined

Shanghai And Hong Kongs Contributions To Chinas Essay Example For Students

Shanghai And Hong Kongs Contributions To Chinas Essay Economic ModernizationTimothy ScottECON. 400Professor RobertsMidterm EssayShanghai and Hong Kongs Contributions to Chinas Economic ModernizationSome people predict Shanghai will replace Hong Kong in the future. Others argue that Hong Kong will remain as Chinas gateway to the rest of the world. For the past few months, I studied intensively about China and Hong Kongs history, culture, economy and politics. Hong Kong and Shanghai have made immense contributions to Chinas economy and modernization. However, I believe that Shanghai is still lacking the proper and sophiscated infrastructure such as the legal system and freedom of the press. In the years to come, Hong Kong will remain the financial and economic center of Asia due to its vast resources, legal infrastructure, history, and culture. In the past two decades, Shanghai has made great contributions to Chinas economic modernization. According to Cheng Li, in the article, The Color of Money, Shanghai had one-eighth of the total industrial output of the nation in 1980. In the early 1990s, Deng Xiaoping realized the potential of Shanghai, and urged the municipal government to develop the local economy and attract foreign investment. The entire city went under a reconstruction era, also known as the construction fever period. Hundreds of skyscrapers were built, and vast rural areas were transformed into new modern towns. Today, department stores and high rise buildings are not uncommon in Shanghai. The newly built Oriental Pearl TV Tower in Shanghai is now Asias highest television tower. Shanghai not only underwent a physical change, but its economy boomed as well since 1993. The city has attracted more foreign investment than ever before. Currently, 121 largest transnational corporations operate in Shanghai. Investments include subway lines, highways, bridges and tunnels linking the Huangpu River and Pudong. It is estimated that $2.35 billion has been invested in Shanghai by foreign investment. In addition, the development of Pudong made it Chinas largest economic zone. Shanghai, without a doubt, is the engine that drives Chinas economic modernization. At the same time, Shanghai does not have the proper legal infrastructure, and freedom of the press to be the financial center of Asia. During my China traveling seminar in Shanghai, a Shanghaiese lawyer emphasized in order to be successful in China, all you need is a network of connection. This is also known as guanxi and it plays a crucial role in China. The fact is, China is under a system of rule by law and not rule of law. The legal infrastructure does not give you the protection you need from corruption and white-collar crimes let alone ensure an environment of free competition and productive workforce. Shanghai not only lacks legal protection, but it also lacks freedom of the press. The CCP has been and will always be a dictatorship over the media. One of the reasons is because China has always been very protective of its image. Any dishonorable and offensive news to the government, regardless o f its importance, would not be allowed to publish. The central government also feels the necessity to control the media in order to prevent rebellions. Therefore, the people of Shanghai and China rarely know the truth behind current news. The importance of proper legal systems and freedom of the press are crucial to Chinas economic development. If the central government continues to neglect these factors, it will be detrimental to the future development of China. From the period 1949 to 1976, Hong Kong was Chinas gateway to the capitalist world. Today, Hong Kong has become even more important to Chinese economy and the international world. First of all, Hong Kong has vast resources such as managerial know-how, technology, financial and marketing skills. These important resources has been transferred to China as Hong Kong manufacturers move across the border to take advantage of cheap land and labor force in the 1980s. (Yahuda, p.24)While Shanghai has attracted foreign investments into China, Hong Kong has accounted for between 60 and 80 percent of the total foreign direct investment in China. In 1993, there were 50,868 investment projects of Hong Kong and Macao businesses in China with a value of $76.756 billion. The majority of investments are concentrated in the Guandong province. Through these direct investments, came along the necessity to have sophiscated bank services, legal, and operational structures. Hong Kong provides a great deal o f these services to Chinas modernization. In addition, these service centers provided a learning center for expertise and invaluable experience in dealing with many facets of international economy. Examples of these institutions are China International Trust and Investment Corporation, China Resources and the Bank of China. (Yahuda, p.25)Hong Kong has been the leading center of Asia and the third in the world after London and New York. I foresee that it will remain its status in the world due to its legal infrastructure, history and culture. When the British colonized Hong Kong, it not only brought about their law system which is rule of law, but also their western ideas, education and culture. The system of rule of law taught a majority of the local people to respect and obey the law. The political structure of Hong Kong government and the civil service are considered to be the most stable, non-corrupt and efficient in Asia. Furthermore, the western emphases are to expand entrepren eurship, independence and to promote free trade. To this day, these ideas are instilled in the people of Hong Kong. This, of course, made and will continue to make Hong Kong an attractive place for international transactions to take place. In conclusion, both Shanghai and Hong Kong have made tremendous contributions to the economic modernization of China. Shanghai has become more modern and attractive for foreign investments, especially the Pudong area. Hong Kong has been accounted as Chinas largest trading partner and investor. Regardless of how much the central government would like for Shanghai to succeed as the next international center of Asia, Hong Kong with its vast resources, legal infrastructure, history, and culture will ultimately remain as the international financial mecca of Asia. BibliographyBIBILOGRAPHY1. Berger, Suzanne ; Lester, Richard K. Made By Hong Kong. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. P.12-14. .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .postImageUrl , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:hover , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:visited , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:active { border:0!important; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:active , .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u02b6316aaf474b62f0ef08a62c924efa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Entrepreneur Observation Report Essay2. Chang, Jung. Wild Swans. London: Harper Collins, 1993. P. 213-214. 3. Li, Cheng. Color of Money. New York: Rowinan ; Lihlofield, 1997. P.18-20. 4. Yahuda, Michael. Hong Kong, Chinas Challenge. London: Routledge, 1996. P. 24-26. Business Essays

The Tribulations of Sharecrop Farmers Essay Example For Students

The Tribulations of Sharecrop Farmers Essay Noticed in the early days of the twentieth century was the poor living standards of tenant farmers of the south. Over the years much research has been done to find what areas of life made up for this low standard. The focus of this compilation of research will be disease and poor housing. Presently, most people looking for a house want a clean environment in a well built home. From descriptions, tenant farmers might have had an upgrade to be able to live in a downtown city apartment with rats and a leaky roof. According to a United States census, the housing in the seven southeastern states were the lowest in value. This put the southern farmer living in the worst homes in America(Jones 47). Many travelers passing through the southeast saw the tenant farmers houses as mere huts on the verge of collapse. To add to the list of utility problems was the usual pools of water which surrounded the structure(Walker 17). Water troubles did not just stop on the outside with the moat, but many homes also had leaky roofs to add to the repair list (Walker pg. 46). Travelers were also able to notice that in the 1930s that doors and windows of farmers homes were rarely screened(Jones 55). The shoddy houses that they lived in could not be helped, but it did not improve there defenses against disease. We will write a custom essay on The Tribulations of Sharecrop Farmers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Being so open to disease by the housing, it was no surprise that various illnesses struck the south with a vengeance. Housing was not the only way that farmers opened themselves up to disease, sharecroppers were often deprived of adequate food and clothing(Walker 92). The insufficient food among families of farmers was a side-effect of the sharecropping system(Walker 6). Of the food eaten not very much of it was considered part of a healthy diet. Fat salt pork is the common meat(Walker 33), and many farmers confessed that garden vegetables, milk, butter, and eggs were really never part of their diet(McKeon pg. 116). Without healthy food, malnutrition became common among the farmers. All of these factors stacking up allowed disease to become prevalent among the south. Doctors began to find the southern children often suffered of Pellagra(Walker 41). Venereal disease constituted a serious handicap to the health of Southern tenet farmers and wage laborers(Corder and Miller 51). Typhoid fever began to spread due to contaminated wells; it took a heavy toll on the life and energy of southern farmers(Gentry 31). The open houses no doubt allowed the mosquitoes of the area to spread malaria which became prevalent. The problem of disease left many farmer bed ridden and unable to work. Travelers noticed that the constant threat of disease was not appeased by the sparse and many times inadequate medical facilities in the South(Jones 55). The average number of persons per physician in the United States as a whole in 1930 was approximately 785. In the nine cotton states that number ballooned up to 1,085 people to a physician(Corder and Miller 114). The statistics did not improve when talking about the number of hospital beds. The average of the United States was 120 people to a hospital bed, and again the number shot up as the average was 210 people to a hospital bed in the nine cotton states. Without proper care the farmers were unable to get well quicker, and this did not help the farmers to raise their standard of living. As seen, the sharecroppers living standards were low due to their ineffective fight against the elements. Better housing and adequate medical attention would have proved beneficial to the farmers situation. Could they have remained healthy they could have gotten more work done and made more progress. .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .postImageUrl , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:hover , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:visited , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:active { border:0!important; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:active , .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560 .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u10d307b12324cb255bd7ff1100898560:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Michael Jackson EssayReferencesCorder, Robert R. (1963). Southern Laborers in the Great Depression. New York:Knopf. Gentry, Jennifer P. (1968). The Plight of the Rural South. Chapel Hill, NC: UNC Press. Jones, Charles M. (1931). Blight on the U.S. Conscience. New York: Harger andBrothers. Mckeon, Ryan G. (1966). Tensions in the South. New York: Norton Publishers. Walker, Mary D. (1970). Living Conditions of the Poor. Boston: Holt Press.

Analysis of the Evolution Essays

Analysis of the Evolution Essays Analysis of the Evolution Essay Analysis of the Evolution Essay See whether the question is of (I) 500 words, (it) 250 words or (iii) 100 words. For the first and second it may be necessary to write a description with a comment. For the third YOU have to pick out the necessary facts and arrange them precisely. B) Selection This meaner picking out from your material the matter important for answering your question: For this: Take notes of the relevant material. Look them over carefully. Delete information not directly relevant to the question. Prepare a first draft. This will help you in getting a clear idea of what information you want to put down and what o want to leave out. This will also help in giving your plan a practical shape. C) Presentation : Prepare now a second draft. This is important for putting down your ideas in a sharp and clear manner. With this you will get an idea as to how you will be able to state what you want to say within the word limits. Prepare a Tanta or a Tall art to scene out winner you nave put clown all you wanted to say. Read to check whether your answer is within the word limits. D) Interpretation: Interpretation is a constant process in history writing. It is already reflected in your planning and selection. Explanatory comments with phrases like may be, because, could be, etc. , immediately introduce an element of interpretation in writing itself. Here you have to be careful that these comments can be supported by the material you have in the answer. Note: In case you run short of time you should prepare a rough draft, check that you havent left anything out, and go on to write the final draft. Now we believe you are ready to answer the questions. Tutor Marked Assignment (TAMA) Assignment code: BASH-III /SAT,TAMA/2012-13 Total Marks: 100 Descriptive Category Questions (DC) answer any two in 500 words each: Analyses the evolution of man as a tool making animal. 20 Does the post Industrial society differ from the Industrial society? Explain Analyses the role of Gandhi in the National Movement. How do you assess the performance of Indian Economy during the initial years of Globalization (since 1991)? B. Middle Category Questions (MAC) answer any four in 250 words each: 5. Discuss the achievements of Renaissance in the field of art and architecture. 12 Has the Indian Economy made any progress in the field of Distributive Justice? Discuss the directive Principles of State policies. Discuss the fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution. How are the different? What role do non-state actors play in the democratic process? Discuss. Want role does cord Initial play In ten management AT organizations* . Diddles. 10. Discuss the concept of governance. Is fostering openness in the system a part of DOD governance. 11. How do you look at the concept of Human Security? Discuss. 12. Discuss the concept of Digital Divide. How do you think it can be bridged? Short Category Questions (SC) Secularism Abernathy Lealer Paintings Kyoto Protocol

Service operations management- Discussion Question Assignment

Service operations management- Discussion Question - Assignment Example The primary strategy adopted by the Walt Disney Corporation is global. The focus of the Walt Disney Company is not only in the United States market, but also internationally. Thus the amusement parts of the company are located in three separate continents. The stores of the company are located in the United States, Portugal, United Kingdom, Italy, France and Spain. The licensed shops for the corporation are located in almost all countries around the globe. The approaches that drive global expansion efforts include; direct investments, foreign outsourcing, and also licensing. The international expansion has been very effective in several aspects. Financially, the measure has reduces operation costs (Bhasin, 2013). This is because, increasing salary in the United States, initiated the move of foreign outsourcing. Thus many production centers are based in Asian countries, due to the minimal production expenses involved. To ensure effective international distribution, the country has authorized licensees, with the main objective of reselling the services and products. This is significant to the company due to minimal investments

What developments over the last 20 years have made transnational crime Essay

What developments over the last 20 years have made transnational crime harder to detect and prosecute - Essay Example Transnational crimes can be referred to as the violent activities carried out in a country by any rival country either by means of physically participating in terrorism / crimes or by supporting or exploiting the local individuals through brain-washing or the financial support. It is considered as a new form of warfare thereby avoiding physical contact with rival country, hence ensuring safety of men and material which are likely to be damaged during physical war (Netanyahu and Mekhon, 1981). Such crimes may also include those activities which are undertaken in the same countries but their affects / fallouts have effects on the other countries as well. These include the human / drug trafficking, arms / goods smuggling, information warfare / propaganda and even the cyber- crimes (Williams & Vlassis, 2001-pg 16). At times, it becomes very evident as which country is involved in such international crimes, but it is very hard to bring them to justice or trial in international courts due to non-availability or paucity of requisite proofs. Since last two decades, many countries developed laws to tackle such crimes. United Nations Security Council in its resolution 1373 / 2001, decided that all states should render their full assistance to other countries for criminal investigation and proceedings. Necessary evidences may also be provided by the state, to the one investigating the transnational crimes. At present INTERPOL (International Police) is the world-wide organisation in this regard, which renders its assistance to the other countries involved in investigation / prosecution of criminals by bringing the criminals to justice who evade to other countries (Mallory, 2007-pg 176). Despite having joint investigation teams, it is very difficult to bring these criminals to justice because of many reasons. The most obvious reason in this regard is difficulty in identification of hostile actors operating from across the border. This problem becomes even more pronounced du e to ‘lack of will’ by the government of the state which was involved in transnational crimes. The state / country that is to provide the evidences / proofs, try to hide the facts because if it is proved that that transnational crime has taken place from their country, it will tarnish the image in international community. Gathering evidences from the country which is already an adversary may not be an easy task due to conflicting laws or in some case the restrictions on law enforcement agencies in cooperating with international agencies. A lot of financial resources are required in joint investigations. Moreover, the issue regarding who will pay the incurred amount; the country which has been affected by the transnational crimes or it will shared between both of the countries, remains a question mark (Shanty & Mishra, 2005-pg 287). Another difficulty faced in prosecution / follow up of transnational crimes is difference of mind-sets. Terrorist or criminal for one nation can be a hero or freedom fighter for the other country (Abadinsky, 2010-pg 7). The affected state will definitely not be able to accrue the desired results in this situation. The fast growing technology, exploited by criminals for cyber-crimes or propaganda about other countries may not be easy to identify and prosecute as their exact location cannot be identified very easily. Although there are international rules on cyber-crimes, but we have

Vaccination debate Essay Example for Free

Vaccination debate Essay People ought to have a right not to vaccinate their kids, even if refusal to do so puts one’s own kids at risk, along with other people’s children. Do you agree? Childhood immunisation must be one of the most significant public health advances in medical history. Thanks to vaccines, children and teens that have been immunised would not have to experience the abhorrent epidemics like polio, mumps, measles and smallpox the older generations did. While it is safe to assume vaccines are here to stay, critics have presented damning yet unverified accounts of the ineffectiveness and harmful side effects of vaccinations urging parents to second guess their choice to immunise their child. The act of immunisation itself is the process of equipping one’s immune system with an immunological memory by introducing a weakened foreign molecule to the body that orchestrates an immune response that the body later uses to protect itself against an attack by said foreign molecule. Immunisation has been under constant fire since its inception in the late 1700’s with the introduction of the smallpox vaccine. People believed that the smallpox vaccine could literally turn vaccinated people into cows because the vaccination for smallpox was inducted from cows (William and Gunn, 2004): There was a famous Gilray cartoon [of vaccinated people sprouting cow heads in] 1804, which I always interpreted as people just being concerned about the source or purity of the vaccine. But they weren’t. They were concerned that they or their children would actually turn into cows. (Melnick, 2011) This proves that people’s views in regards to the ineffectiveness of immunisa tion are not always logical thus bringing to light the question of whether or not parents should be allowed to decide to or not to vaccinate their children, bearing in mind parental and social responsibilities. Parents should have the right to be aware of all the risks and advantages involved and understand for themselves that the pros far exceed the cons. People tend to be misled, in the scurry to do the best for their children, by other parents and antivaccine activists who base their beliefs on unproven, board dismissed studies and theories. One such theory brought to life by a British gastroenterologist Andrew Wakefield who claimed to have discovered a strong co relationship between the MMR (Measles, Mumps and Rubella) Vaccine and autism: Wakefield based his conclusions on a case  study of a dozen children who’d been brought to his clinic at the Royal Free Hospital in London. Almost immediately, Wakefield’s research methods and his interpretations, which had been published in the medical journal The Lancet, came under fire. Wakefield’s response was to appeal to the public rather than to his colleagues: The medical establishment was so determined to discredit him, he said, because he threatened their hegemony by taking parents’ concerns seriously. The media took the bait, and despite Wakefield’s lack of proof and his track record of dubious assertions and unverified lab results, they began churning out stories about how a maverick doctor was trying to protect innocent children from corrupt politicians and a rapacious pharmaceutical industry. Within months, vaccination rates across Western Europe began to fall. (Mnookin, 2011) Wakefield’s research was based on a very minuscule percentage of the entire population thus rendering unreliable. Despite the G.M.C’s (General Medical Council) dismissal of his studies, Wakefield utilised the media to manipulate paranoid, confused, gullible parents into depriving their children of the MMR vaccine. As a result, incident rates for two out of the three diseases increased significantly in the UK rising from 56 confirmed cases in 1998 to 449 cases within the first five months of the year 2006 with the first death since 1992. (Asaria and MacMohan, 2006) Since the wake of Wakefield’s MMR-Autism theory, issues have been raised linking thimerosal (a preservative containing ethyl mercury) to the cause of autism. Mercury is a known neurological hazard but the quantity of mercury present in vaccines then were ‘around 50micrograms 0.5 per-ml dose’ (Biba, 2009) which was ‘far short of toxic.’ Although the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) and the American Academy of Paediatrics (AAP) publicly suggested the subtraction of a mercury-based preservative called thimerosal from childhood shots in 1999 (Mnookin, 2011), the CDC has found no relationship between the MMR vaccine and autism after conducting scientific studies. (CDC Factsheet, 2004) (Melnick, 2011)Unsatisfied with the provided information parents tend to overlook proven statistics and rather look to their inner circles or celebrities with no knowledge of the background science, that have been given inappropriate media attention and ‘who have no new or credible data, and for which their assumptions and hypotheses have  been discredited.’ (Poland, 2011) They risk contracting a vaccine preventable disease to avoid a different health issue they believe the vaccinations themselves will cause proving to be a dire lose-lose situation. ‘Such individuals are denialists at best and dangerous at worst.’ In addition to the autism scare, parents also worry about a concept known as ‘immuno- overload.’ This is when some believe, the injection of multiple immunogens (foreign agents) in one vaccine or even spread out, may overwhelm the immune system of a toddler/child. (Hilton, Petticrew and Hunt, 2006). This however isn’t accurate: Children are given vaccines at a young age because this is when they are most vulnerable to certain diseases. Newborn babies are immune to some diseases because they have antibodies given to them from their mothers. However, this immunity only lasts a few months. Further, most young children do not have maternal immunity to diphtheria, whooping cough, polio, tetanus, hepatitis B, or Hib. If a child is not vaccinated and is exposed to a disease, the childs body may not be strong enough to fight the disease. An infant’s immune system is more than ready to respond to the very small number of weakened and killed infectious agents (antige ns) in vaccines. (CDC FAQ) Parents are drawing their own conclusions of the importance of immunisation. They presume certain vaccines are no longer necessary because there is no longer a threat. This is absolutely bogus. It is because of the vaccines the diseases that once swept out children and adults alike in the millions, are now invisible. If even a few parents stop vaccinating their children these diseases could resurface. (Biba, 2009) This generation of the pre-Wakefield, dubious parents, who have mostly been immunised themselves, have not witnessed the true calamity of the diseases the vaccines they withhold from their children, prevent. They have a diminished sense of urgency for vaccination. (Hilton, Petticrew and Hunt, 2006) Instead they choose to believe ‘†¦anti-vaccine books claim that all shots are bad, the diseases arent really anything to fear, and as long as you live a natural and healthy lifestyle, you dont have to worry. I think this is a very irresponsible approach to the vaccine issue. Vaccines are beneficial in ridding our population of both serious and non-serious diseases.’(Sears, 2011) Parents ultimately have a duty towards their children, but also have a social responsibility as a citizen. They have a right to be conscientiously involved in their child’s health and welfare. But as most parents choose to ignore the unbiased scientific studies that have been conducted, consult the internet for vaccine information. Anybody who has access to a computer has the liberty to free float their own thesis’ ridiculous or not, which appease to the parents unsatisfied with factual evidence which has become a serious cause for concern. (Haase, 2012) Combined with the self-reinforcing nature of online communities and a content-starved, cash-poor journalistic culture that gravitates toward neat narratives at the expense of messy truths, this disdain for actualities has led to a world with increasingly porous boundaries between facts and beliefs, a world in which individualized notions of reality, no matter how bizarre or irrational, are repeatedly validated. (Mnookin , 2011) Obviously, the more kids who are vaccinated, the better our country is protected and the less likely it is that any child will die from a disease. Some parents, however, arent willing to risk the very rare side effects of vaccines, so they choose to skip the shots. Their children benefit from herd immunity (the protection of all the vaccinated kids around them) without risking the vaccines themselves. Is this selfish? Perhaps. But as parents you have to decide. (Sears, 2001) Parents may justify their decision to deny their child of immunisation over the illusion that it is for their own good, by riding on the herd immunity for protection. But with more and more parents succumbing to the bystander apathy, the levels of herd immunity thins resulting in ominous consequences. (John and Samuel, 2000) In reference to the question at hand, it is beneficial for the health of society that laws are passed to make compulsory the immunisation of children given the vaccinations are meticulously researched and tested for safety and effectiveness thus disagreeing with the statement provided. Vaccinations are a medical gift to the progressing world and should thus be taken advantage of. If you want to save your child from polio, you can pray or you can inoculate. Choose science. (Sagan, 1997) Bibliography William, S., Gunn, A (2004) The Surgeon’s Word- Vaccination. World Journal of Surgery. DOI:0.1007/s00268-003-7346-4 Melnick, M. ( 2011, February) The Dangers of the Antivaccine Movement. (Conversation with Dr. Paul Offit, chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases and the director of the Vaccine Education Centre at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia.) Time Magazine Retrieved from: http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,2053517,00.html Mnookin, S. (2011) The Panic Virus. New York, NY. Simon and Schuster. Retrieved from: http://books.google.com.au/books?id=mxqVQQMZzFcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=The+Panic+Virushl=ensa=Xei=jV5FU5yJE8jVkgXogIHwAgved=0CDUQ6AEwAQ#v=onepageq=The%20Panic%20Virusf=false Asaria, P., MacMahon, E. (2006) Measles in the United Kingdom: Can we eradicate it by 2010? BMJ 333 (7574): 890-5. DOI:10.1136/bmj.38989.445845.7C Biba, E. (2009, October) How to Win an Argument About Vaccines. Wired Magazine Retrieved from: http://www.wired.com/2009/10/ff_waronscience_argument/#corrections CDC Fact Sheet. (2004) MMR vaccine and autism-CDC (measles, mumps, and rubella). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrieved from: http://www.in.gov/isdh/files/MMR_VaccineAutismFacts.pdf. Poland, G. A. (2011) MMR Vaccine and Autism: Vaccine Nihilism and Postmodern Science. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 86(9): 869–871. DOI: 10.4065/mcp.2011.0467 Retrieved from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257990/?tool=pmcentrezreport=abstract Hilton, S., Petticrew, M., Hunt, K. (2006) ‘Combined Vaccines are like a sudden onslaught to the body’s immune system’: Parental concerns about vaccine ‘overload’ and ‘immune-vulnerability’. Elsevier. DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.003 CDC Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/multiplevaccines.html#6 Sears, R. (2011) The Vaccine Book: Making the Right decision for Your Child New York, N. Y, Little, Brown Haase, N., (2012) Parents Trust Other Parents: Lay Vaccination Narratives on the Web May Create Doubt about Vaccination Safety. Sage Publications. DOI: 10.1177/0272989X12445286 John, T. J., Samuel, R. (2000) Herd immunity and herd effect: New insights and definitions. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 16 (7): 604-6. DOI:10.1023/A:1007626510002 Sagan, C. (1997) The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark. Ballentine Books New York Scheibner, V. (1998) Vaccination: The Hidden Truth (Documentary Video). Taycare Private Limited Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqsT5EoIk8U#t=34